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  2. Experimental uncertainty analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_uncertainty...

    In effect the expansion “isolates” the random variables x so that their expectations can be found. 6. Having the expression for the expected value of z , which will involve partial derivatives and the means and variances of the random variables x , set up the expression for the expectation of the variance:

  3. Uncertainty quantification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_quantification

    Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is the science of quantitative characterization and estimation of uncertainties in both computational and real world applications. It tries to determine how likely certain outcomes are if some aspects of the system are not exactly known.

  4. Scientific method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method

    The history of scientific method considers changes in the methodology of scientific inquiry, not the history of science itself. The development of rules for scientific reasoning has not been straightforward; scientific method has been the subject of intense and recurring debate throughout the history of science, and eminent natural philosophers and scientists have argued for the primacy of ...

  5. Propagation of uncertainty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_of_uncertainty

    A practical application is an experiment in which one measures current, I, and voltage, V, on a resistor in order to determine the resistance, R, using Ohm's law, R = V / I. Given the measured variables with uncertainties, I ± σ I and V ± σ V, and neglecting their possible correlation, the uncertainty in the computed quantity, σ R, is:

  6. Uncertainty analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_analysis

    In physical experiments uncertainty analysis, or experimental uncertainty assessment, deals with assessing the uncertainty in a measurement.An experiment designed to determine an effect, demonstrate a law, or estimate the numerical value of a physical variable will be affected by errors due to instrumentation, methodology, presence of confounding effects and so on.

  7. Quantum fluctuation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_fluctuation

    3D visualization of quantum fluctuations of the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) vacuum [1]. In quantum physics, a quantum fluctuation (also known as a vacuum state fluctuation or vacuum fluctuation) is the temporary random change in the amount of energy in a point in space, [2] as prescribed by Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.

  8. Scientific evidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_evidence

    A causal relationship between the observations and hypothesis does not exist to cause the observation to be taken as evidence, [3] but rather the causal relationship is provided by the person seeking to establish observations as evidence. A more formal method to characterize the effect of background beliefs is Bayesian inference. [5]

  9. Uncertainty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty

    Uncertainty in science, and science in general, may be interpreted differently in the public sphere than in the scientific community. [21] This is due in part to the diversity of the public audience, and the tendency for scientists to misunderstand lay audiences and therefore not communicate ideas clearly and effectively. [21]