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  2. Born–Haber cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BornHaber_cycle

    The BornHaber cycle is an approach to analyze reaction energies. It was named after two German scientists, Max Born and Fritz Haber , who developed it in 1919. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It was also independently formulated by Kazimierz Fajans [ 4 ] and published concurrently in the same journal. [ 1 ]

  3. Kapustinskii equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapustinskii_equation

    The calculated lattice energy gives a good estimation for the Born–Landé equation; the real value differs in most cases by less than 5%. Furthermore, one is able to determine the ionic radii (or more properly, the thermochemical radius) using the Kapustinskii equation when the lattice energy is known.

  4. Lattice energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_energy

    In these cases the polarization energy E pol associated with ions on polar lattice sites may be included in the BornHaber cycle. As an example, one may consider the case of iron-pyrite FeS 2 . It has been shown that neglect of polarization led to a 15% difference between theory and experiment in the case of FeS 2 , whereas including it ...

  5. Ionic bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bonding

    The experimental value for the lattice energy can be determined using the BornHaber cycle. It can also be calculated (predicted) using the Born–Landé equation as the sum of the electrostatic potential energy , calculated by summing interactions between cations and anions, and a short-range repulsive potential energy term.

  6. 20th century in science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_century_in_science

    Haber, along with Max Born, proposed the BornHaber cycle as a method for evaluating the lattice energy of an ionic solid. Haber has also been described as the "father of chemical warfare " for his work developing and deploying chlorine and other poisonous gases during World War I.

  7. Standard enthalpy of formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_enthalpy_of_formation

    For many substances, the formation reaction may be considered as the sum of a number of simpler reactions, either real or fictitious. The enthalpy of reaction can then be analyzed by applying Hess' law, which states that the sum of the enthalpy changes for a number of individual reaction steps equals the enthalpy change of the overall reaction.

  8. Born–Landé equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born–Landé_equation

    The Born–Landé equation is a means of calculating the lattice energy of a crystalline ionic compound. In 1918 [ 1 ] Max Born and Alfred Landé proposed that the lattice energy could be derived from the electrostatic potential of the ionic lattice and a repulsive potential energy term.

  9. Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical_Theory_of...

    The book was originally started by Born in c. 1940, and was finished in the 1950s by Huang in consultation with Born. The text is considered a classical treatise on the subject of lattice dynamics, phonon theory, and elasticity in crystalline solids, but excluding metals and other complex solids with order/disorder phenomena.