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  2. Population pyramid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_pyramid

    World population pyramid from 1950 to projected in 2100 (UN, World Population Prospects 2017) A population pyramid (age structure diagram) or "age-sex pyramid" is a graphical illustration of the distribution of a population (typically that of a country or region of the world) by age groups and sex; it typically takes the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing. [1]

  3. Population geography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_geography

    Population geographyis the study of the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of human populations in relation to the geographic characteristics of specific area. It focuses on how populations are distributed across space, the factors influencing these distributions, and the implications for resources, environment, and societal ...

  4. Concave function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concave_function

    A function f is concave over a convex set if and only if the function −f is a convex function over the set. The sum of two concave functions is itself concave and so is the pointwise minimum of two concave functions, i.e. the set of concave functions on a given domain form a semifield.

  5. Convex function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex_function

    The term convex is often referred to as convex down or concave upward, and the term concave is often referred as concave down or convex upward. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] If the term "convex" is used without an "up" or "down" keyword, then it refers strictly to a cup shaped graph ∪ {\displaystyle \cup } .

  6. Demographic statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic_statistics

    Demographic statistics are measures of the characteristics of, or changes to, a population. Records of births, deaths, marriages, immigration and emigration and a regular census of population provide information that is key to making sound decisions about national policy. [1] [2] A useful summary of such data is the population pyramid. It ...

  7. Glossary of geography terms (A–M) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms...

    This glossary of geography terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in geography and related fields, including Earth science, oceanography, cartography, and human geography, as well as those describing spatial dimension, topographical features, natural resources, and the collection, analysis, and visualization of geographic ...

  8. Survivorship curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivorship_curve

    An illustration of the three idealized types of curve (logarithmic scale) A survivorship curve is a graph showing the number or proportion of individuals surviving to each age for a given species or group (e.g. males or females).

  9. Logarithmically concave function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmically_concave...

    The following are among the properties of log-concave distributions: If a density is log-concave, so is its cumulative distribution function (CDF). If a multivariate density is log-concave, so is the marginal density over any subset of variables. The sum of two independent log-concave random variables is log-concave. This follows from the fact ...