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  2. Photon energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon_energy

    Photon energy can be expressed using any energy unit. Among the units commonly used to denote photon energy are the electronvolt (eV) and the joule (as well as its multiples, such as the microjoule). As one joule equals 6.24 × 10 18 eV, the larger units may be more useful in denoting the energy of photons with higher frequency and higher ...

  3. Planck constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_constant

    An amount of light more typical in everyday experience (though much larger than the smallest amount perceivable by the human eye) is the energy of one mole of photons; its energy can be computed by multiplying the photon energy by the Avogadro constant, N A = 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1, [37] with the result of 216 kJ, about equal to the ...

  4. Planck relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_relation

    The Planck relation [1] [2] [3] (referred to as Planck's energy–frequency relation, [4] the Planck–Einstein relation, [5] Planck equation, [6] and Planck formula, [7] though the latter might also refer to Planck's law [8] [9]) is a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics which states that the energy E of a photon, known as photon energy, is proportional to its frequency ν: =.

  5. Planck's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck's_law

    According to Planck's distribution law, the spectral energy density (energy per unit volume per unit frequency) at given temperature is given by: [4] [5] (,) = ⁡ alternatively, the law can be expressed for the spectral radiance of a body for frequency ν at absolute temperature T given as: [6] [7] [8] (,) = ⁡ where k B is the Boltzmann ...

  6. Photon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon

    In the case that the photon has mass, the mass term ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ m 2 A μ A μ would affect the galactic plasma. The fact that no such effects are seen implies an upper bound on the photon mass of m < 3 × 10 −27 eV/c 2. [37] The galactic vector potential can also be probed directly by measuring the torque exerted on a magnetized ring. [38]

  7. Quantization of the electromagnetic field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization_of_the...

    The energy content of this volume element at 5 km from the station is 2.1 × 10 −10 × 0.109 = 2.3 × 10 −11 J, which amounts to 3.4 × 10 14 photons per (). Since 3.4 × 10 14 > 1, quantum effects do not play a role. The waves emitted by this station are well-described by the classical limit and quantum mechanics is not needed.

  8. Einstein (unit) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_(unit)

    The einstein (symbol E) is an obsolete unit with two conflicting definitions. It was originally defined as the energy in one mole of photons (6.022 × 10 23 photons). [1] [2] Because energy is inversely proportional to wavelength, the unit is frequency dependent. This unit is not part of the International System of Units (SI) and is redundant ...

  9. Rydberg constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rydberg_constant

    In atomic physics, Rydberg unit of energy, symbol Ry, corresponds to the energy of the photon whose wavenumber is the Rydberg constant, i.e. the ionization energy of the hydrogen atom in a simplified Bohr model.