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Endothelial cells and pericytes are interdependent and failure of proper communication between the two cell types can lead to numerous human pathologies. [40] There are several pathways of communication between the endothelial cells and pericytes. The first is transforming growth factor (TGF) signaling, which is mediated by endothelial cells ...
Mural cells are the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs), and pericytes, of the microcirculation.Both types are in close contact with the endothelial cells lining the capillaries, and are important for vascular development and stability.
Endothelial cells form the wall of the BBB, while mural cells exist on the outer surface of this layer of endothelial cells. The mural cells also have their own abluminal layer which hosts pericytes that work to maintain the permeability of the barrier, and the epithelial cells filter the amount of toxins entering.
The presence of pericytes surrounding blood vessels is often associated with the inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and the stabilization of newly formed microvessels. [ 42 ] In diabetic retinopathy (DR), accumulation of toxic substances such as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) leads to pericyte loss, weakening of capillary ...
Various cell types play a role in HR, including astrocytes, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells of blood vessels, and pericytes. These cells control whether the vessels are constricted or dilated, which dictates the amount of oxygen and glucose that is able to reach the neuronal tissue. Brain blood vasculature as a function of blood flow.
Most vessels of the microcirculation are lined by flattened cells of the endothelium and many of them are surrounded by contractile cells called pericytes.The endothelium provides a smooth surface for the flow of blood and regulates the movement of water and dissolved materials in the interstitial plasma between the blood and the tissues.
Endothelium lines the inner wall of vessels, shown here. Microscopic view showing endothelium (at top) inside the heart. The endothelium forms an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. This forms a barrier between vessels and tissues and control the flow of substances and fluid into and out of ...
Pericytes secrete TIMP-3 which inhibits MT1-MMP dependent MMP-2 activation on endothelial cell, thus facilitating stabilization of newly formed microvessels. Co-cultures consisting of pericytes and endothelial cells induce the expression of TIMP-3 by pericytes, while endothelial cells produce TIMP-2. [47]