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A liquid biopsy, also known as fluid biopsy or fluid phase biopsy, is the sampling and analysis of non-solid biological tissue, primarily blood. [1] [2] Like traditional biopsy, this type of technique is mainly used as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for diseases such as cancer, with the added benefit of being largely non-invasive.
Guardant Reveal, which runs on Guardant’s Smart Liquid Biopsy platform, is a blood test that uses epigenomic (methylation) analysis to detect circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), a marker of minimal ...
The American biotechnology company Guardant Health, which produces liquid biopsy tests to detect cancer from mutations and other modifications in blood samples, [1] was co-founded by Helmy Eltoukhy and AmirAli Talasaz during 2012–2013.
In addition, because cancer is a heterogeneous genetic disease, and excisional biopsies provide only a snapshot in time of some of the rapid, dynamic genetic changes occurring in tumors, liquid biopsies provide some advantages over tissue biopsy-based genomic testing. [10]
MRD is a form of liquid biopsy, which has other applications such as multi-cancer screening tests. [ 4 ] Molecular tests that uncover minimal residual disease are helpful for directing treatment and monitoring or preventing relapse.
Epitope Detection in Monocytes (EDIM) is a technology that uses the innate immune system's mechanisms to detect biomarkers or antigens in immune cells.It is a non-invasive form of liquid biopsy, i.e. biopsy from blood, which analyzes activated macrophages (CD14+/CD16+) for disease-specific epitopes, such as tumor cell components.
Most notably, it has led to what is now known as liquid biopsy. In short, liquid biopsy is using biomarkers and cancer cells in the blood as a means of diagnosing cancer type and stage. [24] This type of biopsy is noninvasive and allows for the routine clinical screening that is important in determining cancer relapse after initial treatment. [25]
A minor genetic clone within the tumor can expand after treatment if it carries a drug-resistant mutation. Initial biopsies can miss these clones due to low frequency or spatial separation of cells within the tumor. For example, since a biopsy only samples a small part of the tumor, clones that resides in a different location may go unnoticed.
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