Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The Lotka–Volterra equations, also known as the Lotka–Volterra predator–prey model, are a pair of first-order nonlinear differential equations, frequently used to describe the dynamics of biological systems in which two species interact, one as a predator and the other as prey.
Huffaker was expanding upon Gause's experiments by further introducing heterogeneity. Gause's experiments had found that predator and prey populations would become extinct regardless of initial population size. However, Gause also concluded that a predator–prey community could be self-sustaining if there were refuges for the prey population.
File: Computer simulation of a chaotic wake, preceded by a periodic travelling wave, in the invasion of prey by predators.gif
Experiments on blue jays suggest they form a search image for certain prey.. Visual predators may form what is termed a search image of certain prey.. Predators need not locate their host directly: Kestrels, for instance, are able to detect the faeces and urine of their prey (which reflect ultraviolet), allowing them to identify areas where there are large numbers of voles, for example.
EcoSim is an individual-based predator-prey ecosystem simulation in which agents can evolve. It has been designed to investigate several broad ecological questions, as well as long-term evolutionary patterns and processes such as speciation and macroevolution.
Predators of clams, namely blue shell crabs and whelks, are able to identify their prey by sensing the chemical cues present in the filtered water. Clams have evolved to chemically sense upstream predators. [50] When a predator is sensed nearby, clams modify their behavior and discontinue their pumping to reduce consumer cues.
Bright colors may also be flashed underneath cryptic ones. A startle display occurs when prey takes advantage of these markings after being discovered by a predator. [2] The striking color pattern, which often includes eyespots, is intended to evoke prompt enemy retreat. [1] Better formed eyespots seem to result in better deterrence. [2]
Using these variables, the optimal diet model can predict how predators choose between two prey types: big prey 1 with energy value E 1 and handling time h 1, and small prey 2 with energy value E 2 and handling time h 2. In order to maximize its overall rate of energy gain, a predator must consider the profitability of the two prey types.