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Acetonitrile is used mainly as a solvent in the purification of butadiene in refineries. Specifically, acetonitrile is fed into the top of a distillation column filled with hydrocarbons including butadiene, and as the acetonitrile falls down through the column, it absorbs the butadiene which is then sent from the bottom of the tower to a second separating tower.
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Acetonitrile/Methanol [4] P = 760 mmHg BP Temp. °C % by mole methanol ... Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution ...
A colorless liquid, it is derived from acetonitrile (CH 3 CN) by replacement of one H with Cl. In practice, it is produced by dehydration of chloroacetamide. [1] The compound is an alkylating agent, [2] and as such is handled cautiously. Chloroacetonitrile is also generated in situ by the reaction of acetonitrile with sulfur monochloride.
Bis(acetonitrile)palladium dichloride is the coordination complex with the formula PdCl 2 (NCCH 3) 2. It is the adduct of two acetonitrile ligands with palladium(II) chloride. It is a yellow-brown solid that is soluble in organic solvents. The compound is a reagent and a catalyst for reactions that require soluble Pd(II). [1]
Tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate forms colorless crystals in the orthorhombic crystal system in the space group Pna21 with the lattice parameters a = 23.882 Å; b = 8.3285 Å; c = 20.338 Å, and twelve unit cells.
The cation was first reported in 1923 with a nitrate anion as a byproduct of the reduction of silver nitrate with a suspension of copper powder in acetonitrile. [4] [Cu(CH 3 CN) 4]PF 6 is generally produced by the addition of HPF 6 to a suspension of copper(I) oxide in acetonitrile: [5] Cu 2 O + 2 HPF 6 + 8 CH 3 CN → 2 [Cu(CH 3 CN) 4]PF 6 + H 2 O
Typical nitrile ligands are acetonitrile, propionitrile, and benzonitrile.The structures of [Ru(NH 3) 5 (NCPh)] n+ have been determined for the 2+ and 3+ oxidation states. Upon oxidation the Ru-NH 3 distances contract and the Ru-NCPh distances elongate, consistent with amines serving as pure-sigma donor ligands and nitriles functioning as pi-acceptors.
Trichloroacetonitrile can be obtained by chlorination of acetonitrile on a zinc, copper and alkaline earth metal halide-impregnated activated carbon catalyst at 200–400 °C with a 54% yield. [ 3 ] The high temperatures required by this process favours the formation of byproducts, such as tetrachloromethane .