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Foods such as the flesh of fatty fish are good natural sources of vitamin D; there are few other foods where it naturally appears in significant amounts. [2] In the U.S. and other countries, cow's milk and plant-based milk substitutes are fortified with vitamin D 3, as are many breakfast cereals.
7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) is a zoosterol that functions in the serum as a cholesterol precursor, and is photochemically converted to vitamin D 3 in the skin, therefore functioning as provitamin-D 3. The presence of this compound in human skin enables humans to manufacture vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol).
Humans require thirteen vitamins in their diet, most of which are actually groups of related molecules (e.g. vitamin E includes tocopherols and tocotrienols): [20] vitamins A, C, D, E, K, thiamine (B 1), riboflavin (B 2), niacin (B 3), pantothenic acid (B 5), pyridoxine (B 6), biotin (B 7), folate (B 9), and cobalamin (B 12). The requirement ...
Since Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, it cannot be added to a wide variety of foods. Foods that it is commonly added to are margarine, vegetable oils and dairy products. [ 34 ] During the late 1800s, after the discovery of curing conditions of scurvy and beriberi had occurred, researchers were aiming to see if the disease, later known as ...
milk [1] Cow milk (whole) [2] Soy milk (unsweetened) [3] Almond milk ... Vitamin B 12 (mcg) 0.1 1.10 2.70 0 1.2 Vitamin A (IU) 522 395 [b] 503 [a] 372 [a] - Vitamin D ...
The Institute of Medicine in 2010 recommended a maximum uptake of vitamin D of 4000 IU/d, finding that the dose for lowest observed adverse effect level is 40,000 IU daily for at least 12 weeks, [25] and that there was a single case of toxicity above 10 000 IU after more than seven years of daily intake; this case of toxicity occurred in ...
A glass of cow milk Cows in a rotary milking parlor. Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they are able to digest solid food. [1] Milk contains many nutrients, including calcium and protein, as well as lactose and ...
Because the newly discovered substance was the fourth vitamin identified, it was called vitamin D. [92] The 1928 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Adolf Windaus, who discovered the steroid 7-dehydrocholesterol, the precursor of vitamin D. Potential anticancer roles of the vitamin D metabolite calcifediol were observed epidemiologically by ...