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Dihydrate salt (NaBr·2H 2 O) crystallize out of water solution below 50.7 °C. [8] NaBr is produced by treating sodium hydroxide with hydrogen bromide. Sodium bromide can be used as a source of the chemical element bromine. This can be accomplished by treating an aqueous solution of NaBr with chlorine gas: 2 NaBr + Cl 2 → Br 2 + 2 NaCl
In practice the salt is usually encountered as an aqueous solution. Sodium hypobromite arises by treatment of aqueous solution of bromine with base: [2] Br 2 + 2 NaOH → NaBr + NaOBr + H 2 O. It can be prepared in situ for use as a reagent, such as in the synthesis of 3-aminopyridine from nicotinamide [3] (Hofmann rearrangement).
A 12% solution is widely used in waterworks for the chlorination of water, and a 15% solution is more commonly [39] used for disinfection of wastewater in treatment plants. Sodium hypochlorite can also be used for point-of-use disinfection of drinking water, [ 40 ] taking 0.2–2 mg of sodium hypochlorite per liter of water.
Because of its high solubility, its aqueous solutions are used as a drilled hole debris remover and etchant in printed circuitry, with a limited utility though. [1] It is gaining popularity in water treatment for taste, odor, and zebra mussel control. [2] The V-2 rocket used it in combination with hydrogen peroxide to drive a steam turbopump. [3]
A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H 2 O) n] z+. The solvation number , n , determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li + and Be 2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table .
Sodium hypophosphite is capable of reducing nickel ions in solution to metallic nickel on metal substrates as well as on plastic substrates. [3] The latter requires that the substrate is activated with fine particles of palladium. The resulting nickel deposit contains up to 15% phosphorus. It has been investigated as a food additive.
Another method is the electrolytic reduction of a concentrated sodium metaborate solution, [10] namely BO − 2 + 6 H 2 O + 8 e − → [BH 4] − + 8 OH −. However, this method is not efficient since it competes with the reduction of hydroxide: 4 OH − → 2 H 2 O + O 2 + 4 e −. Nanofiltration membranes can effectively separate the ...
Bromoform was discovered in 1832 by Löwig who distilled a mixture of bromal and potassium hydroxide, as analogous to preparation of chloroform from chloral. [5]Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite, by the electrolysis of potassium bromide in ethanol, or by treating chloroform with aluminium bromide.