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For example, if the static compression ratio is 10:1, and the dynamic compression ratio is 7.5:1, a useful value for cylinder pressure would be 7.5 1.3 × atmospheric pressure, or 13.7 bar (relative to atmospheric pressure). The two corrections for dynamic compression ratio affect cylinder pressure in opposite directions, but not in equal strength.
A 2.7 L version of the AR family, first released in the Venza [1] and Highlander in late 2008. [2] The 1AR-FE most likely ended production in 2020. No official statements were made by Toyota about the engine's status, however, no new cars used this engine after 2020. It was replaced by the A25A-FKS engine. Applications:
The Toyota GR engine family is a gasoline, open-deck, piston V6 engine series. The GR series has a 60° die-cast aluminium block and aluminium DOHC cylinder heads.This engine series also features 4 valves per cylinder, forged steel connecting rods and crankshaft, one-piece cast camshafts, a timing chain, [1] and a cast aluminium lower intake manifold.
For pure octane fuel, the oxidation reaction is: 25 O 2 + 2 C 8 H 18 → 16 CO 2 + 18 H 2 O + energy. Any mixture greater than 14.7:1 is considered a lean mixture; any less than 14.7:1 is a rich mixture – given perfect (ideal) "test" fuel (gasoline consisting of solely n-heptane and iso-octane).
The Smartstream G1.5 T-GDI (G4FS) [13] is a turbocharged 1,497 cc (1.5 L) [14] inline 4-cylinder engine with GDi that carries a bore and stroke of 75.6 mm and 83.4 mm respectively and a 10.5:1 compression ratio; it makes 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 5,500 rpm and 25.8 kg⋅m (253 N⋅m; 187 lbf⋅ft) of torque between 1,500 and 4,000 rpm. [14]
In 1998, the 11.1-liter Detroit Diesel Series 60 was discontinued. [5] Once the 11.1-liter Series 60 was discontinued, the 12.7-liter Detroit Diesel Series 60 became the motorcoach application. Starting in the late 1990s, Neoplan made the Series 60 as an available engine for their high-floor and low-floor articulated buses - the AN460A and AN460LF.
The three-cylinder 1.0-litre version of K engine, fitted in many Suzuki's city cars since 2008. In 2014, this engine was reworked by increasing the compression ratio from 10.0 to 11.0:1 and known as K-Next. This changes claimed to increase the petrol mileage over 23km/L, achieved maximum power on lower rev and reduced frictional losses. [9]
[1] Autogas is widely used as a "green" fuel, as its use reduces CO 2 exhaust emissions by around 15% compared to petrol. [2] One litre of petrol produces 2.3 kg of CO 2 when burnt, whereas the equivalent amount of autogas (1.33 litres due to the lower density of autogas) produces only 2 kg of CO 2 when burnt. [3]