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The medical definition of hematocolpos is "an accumulation of blood within the vagina". It is often caused by the combination of menstruation with an imperforate hymen. [1] [2] It is sometimes seen in Robinow syndrome, uterus didelphys, or other vaginal anomalies. A related disorder is hematometra, where the uterus fills with menstrual blood. [3]
Premenopausal women with hematometra often experience abnormal vaginal bleeding, including dysmenorrhea (pain during menstruation) or amenorrhea (lack of menstruation), while postmenopausal women are more likely to be asymptomatic. [3] Due to the accumulation of blood in the uterus, patients may develop low blood pressure or a vasovagal ...
Secondary amenorrhea's most common and most easily diagnosable causes are pregnancy, thyroid disease, and hyperprolactinemia. [50] A pregnancy test is a common first step for diagnosis. [50] Similar to primary amenorrhea, evaluation of secondary amenorrhea also begins with a pregnancy test, prolactin, FSH, LH, and TSH levels. [13]
One cause of hypomenorrhea is Asherman's syndrome (intrauterine adhesions), of which hypomenorrhea (or amenorrhea) may be the only apparent sign.The degree of menstrual deficiency is closely correlated to the extent of the adhesions.
Hypoestrogenism is most commonly found in women who are postmenopausal, have primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), or are presenting with amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods). Hypoestrogenism includes primarily genitourinary effects, including thinning of the vaginal tissue layers and an increase in vaginal pH .
Ultrasound is specifically recommended in those over the age of 35 or those in whom bleeding continues despite initial treatment. [4] Laboratory assessment of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), pregnancy, and chlamydia is also recommended. [8] More extensive testing might include an MRI and endometrial sampling. [2]
Patients may present with subclinical menstrual dysfunction, ovulatory amenorrhea, amenorrhea, or have a history of combination of these disturbances. [9] In most cases, there is a gradual loss of ovulation and menses demonstrated as the diseases manifests, followed by the eventual cessation of menstrual cycles altogether. [ 4 ]
It begins with the main symptom, which is amenorrhea, where there is an irregular or no menstrual period at all. Other symptoms are related to ovarian cysts, and more common ones are also listed below. A variation of symptoms can occur together, however, that depends on the person and the severity of the disease. Primary amenorrhea