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Copper(II) hydroxide is the hydroxide of copper with the chemical formula of Cu(OH) 2. It is a pale greenish blue or bluish green solid. It is a pale greenish blue or bluish green solid. Some forms of copper(II) hydroxide are sold as "stabilized" copper(II) hydroxide, although they likely consist of a mixture of copper(II) carbonate and hydroxide.
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.
Copper(I) hydroxide would also be expect to easily oxidise to copper(II) hydroxide: 4CuOH + 2 H 2 O + O 2 → 4Cu(OH) 2. It would also be expected to rapidly dehydrate: 2CuOH → Cu 2 O + H 2 O. Solid CuOH would be of interest as a possible intermediate in the formation of copper(I) oxide (Cu 2 O), which has diverse applications.
The hydroxide anion adds to the carbonyl group of the ester. The immediate product is called an orthoester. Saponification part I. Expulsion of the alkoxide generates a carboxylic acid: Saponification part II. The alkoxide ion is a strong base so the proton is transferred from the carboxylic acid to the alkoxide ion, creating an alcohol:
In this type of decomposition reaction, a metal chloride and oxygen gas are the products. Here, again, M represents the metal: 2 MClO 3 → 2 MCl+ 3 O 2. A common decomposition of a chlorate is in the reaction of potassium chlorate where oxygen is the product. This can be written as: 2 KClO 3 → 2 KCl + 3 O 2
Basic copper carbonate is a chemical compound, more properly called copper(II) carbonate hydroxide. It can be classified as a coordination polymer or a salt. It consists of copper(II) bonded to carbonate and hydroxide with formula Cu 2 (CO 3)(OH) 2. It is a green solid that occurs in nature as the mineral malachite.
The reaction usually requires a catalyst, such as concentrated sulfuric acid: R−OH + R'−CO 2 H → R'−CO 2 R + H 2 O. Other types of ester are prepared in a similar manner−for example, tosyl (tosylate) esters are made by reaction of the alcohol with 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine.
A CuCl 2 solution with concentrated brine is contacted with copper metal until the Cu(II) is completely reduced. The resulting CuCl is then heated to 60–90 °C (140–194 °F) and aerated to effect the oxidation and hydrolysis. The oxidation reaction can be performed with or without the copper metal.