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The voiceless alveolar, dental and postalveolar plosives (or stops) are types of consonantal sounds used in almost all spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental , alveolar , and postalveolar plosives is t , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t .
The voiceless bilabial plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in most spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is p , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is p .
Voiceless bilabial plosive; Voiceless labial–velar plosive; Voiceless labial–uvular plosive; Voiceless labiodental plosive; Voiceless linguolabial plosive; Voiceless palatal plosive; Voiceless retroflex plosive; Voiceless upper-pharyngeal plosive; Voiceless uvular plosive; Voiceless velar plosive
The Spanish voiceless stops /p t k/ have voice onset times (VOTs) of about 5, 10, and 30 milliseconds, and English aspirated /p t k/ have VOTs of about 60, 70, and 80 ms. Voice onset time in Korean has been measured at 20, 25, and 50 ms for /p t k/ and 90, 95, and 125 for /pʰ tʰ kʰ/ .
In addition, they restrict "plosive" for pulmonic consonants; "stops" in their usage include ejective and implosive consonants. [2] If a term such as "plosive" is used for oral non-affricated obstruents, and nasals are not called nasal stops, then a stop may mean the glottal stop; "plosive" may even mean non-glottal stop. In other cases ...
The alveolar and dental ejective stops are types of consonantal sounds, usually described as voiceless, that are pronounced with a glottalic egressive airstream. In the International Phonetic Alphabet , ejectives are indicated with a "modifier letter apostrophe" ʼ , [ 1 ] as in this article.
Stops, chiefly the voiceless stops, and especially /t/, are frequently glottalized or pre-glottalized in certain positions; that is, a stop may be replaced with the glottal stop [ʔ], or else a glottal stop may be inserted before it. These phenomena are strongly dependent on the phonetic environment and on dialect.
In Southeast Asia, when stops occur at the end of a word, they are voiceless because the glottis is closed, not open, so they are said to be unphonated (have no phonation) by some phoneticians, who considered "breathed" voicelessness to be a phonation. [2] Yidiny consonants have no underlyingly voiceless consonants. [3]