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William Playfair (22 September 1759 – 11 February 1823) was a Scottish engineer and political economist.The founder of graphical methods of statistics, [1] Playfair invented several types of diagrams: in 1786 he introduced the line, area and bar chart of economic data, and in 1801 he published what were likely the first pie chart and circle graph, used to show part-whole relations. [2]
In 1786, he plotted ten years of money spent by the Royal Navy. He supplemented the chart with a detailed description, telling his readers how to interpret the change over time because they were unfamiliar with this form of abstract visualization. In addition to line charts, Playfair invented and popularized bar charts and pie charts. [4]
Livegap Charts creates line, bar, spider, polar-area and pie charts, and can export them as images without needing to download any tools. Veusz is a free scientific graphing tool that can produce 2D and 3D plots. Users can use it as a module in Python. GeoGebra is open-source graphing calculator and is freely available for non-commercial users.
The first known bar charts are usually attributed to Nicole Oresme, Joseph Priestley, and William Playfair. [4] A pie chart shows percentage values as a slice of a pie; first introduced by William Playfair. [5] A line chart is a two-dimensional scatterplot of ordered observations where the observations are connected following their order. The ...
Pie chart of populations of English native speakers. A pie chart (or a circle chart) is a circular statistical graphic which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each slice (and consequently its central angle and area) is proportional to the quantity it represents.
William Playfair's trade-balance time-series chart, published in his Commercial and Political Atlas, 1786 John Snow's Cholera map in dot style, 1854. Famous graphics were designed by: William Playfair who produced what could be called the first line, bar, pie, and area charts.
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William Playfair is usually credited with inventing the area charts as well as the line, bar, and pie charts.His book The Commercial and Political Atlas, published in 1786, contained a number of time-series graphs, including Interest of the National Debt from the Revolution and Chart of all the Imports and Exports to and from England from the Year 1700 to 1782 that are often described as the ...