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A camera obscura (pl. camerae obscurae or camera obscuras; from Latin camera obscūra 'dark chamber') [1] is the natural phenomenon in which the rays of light passing through a small hole into a dark space form an image where they strike a surface, resulting in an inverted (upside down) and reversed (left to right) projection of the view outside.
An 18th-century artist utilizing a camera obscura for image tracing. The camera obscura (from the Latin for 'dark room') is a natural optical phenomenon and precursor of the photographic camera. It projects an inverted image (flipped left to right and upside down) of a scene from the other side of a screen or wall through a small aperture onto ...
The camera obscura was known to the ancient Chinese, and was described by the Han Chinese polymath Shen Kuo in his scientific book Dream Pool Essays, published in the year 1088 C.E. Aristotle had discussed the basic principle behind it in his Problems, but Alhazen's work contained the first clear description of camera obscura.
View from the Window at Le Gras 1826 or 1827, believed to be the earliest surviving camera photograph. [1] Original (left) and colorized reoriented enhancement (right).. The history of photography began with the discovery of two critical principles: The first is camera obscura image projection; the second is the discovery that some substances are visibly altered by exposure to light. [2]
Camera Obscura is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal of feminism, culture, and media studies published by Duke University Press. It was established in 1976 [ 1 ] by four graduate students at the University of California, Berkeley : Janet Bergstrom , Sandy Flitterman , Elisabeth Lyon , and Constance Penley . [ 2 ]
Using the camera obscura, artists would manually trace what they saw, or use the optical image as a basis for solving the problems of perspective and parallax, and deciding color values. A camera obscura optically reduces a real scene in three-dimensional space to a flat rendition in two dimensions.
The fundamental technology of most photography, whether digital or analog, is the camera obscura effect and its ability to transform of a three dimensional scene into a two dimensional image. At its most basic, a camera obscura consists of a darkened box, with a very small hole in one side, which projects an image from the outside world onto ...
The first camera that was small and portable enough to be practical for photography (that is, actually capturing the image on some sort of medium) was envisioned by Zahn in 1685, though it would be almost 150 years before technology caught up to the point where this was possible to actually build (see History of the camera).