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Permethrin is a medication and an insecticide. [6] [7] As a medication, it is used to treat scabies and lice. [8] It is applied to the skin as a cream or lotion. [6] As an insecticide, it can be sprayed onto outer clothing or mosquito nets to kill the insects that touch them. [7] [9] Side effects include rash and irritation where it is applied. [8]
The names on the list are the ISO common names. A complete list of pesticide common names is published by the BCPC . [ 1 ] The University of Hertfordshire maintains a database of the chemical and biological properties of these materials, [ 2 ] including their brand names and the countries and dates where and when they have been introduced. [ 3 ]
There are two types of pyrethroids: those with and without α-cyanogroup. The neurotoxicity of bifenthrin is based on the affinity to the voltage-gated sodium channels (in insects as well as mammals). The pyrethroids with an α-cyanogroup block the sodium-channel permanently, causing the membrane to be permanently hyperpolarized.
Pyrethrins are gradually replacing organophosphates and organochlorides as the pesticides of choice as the latter compounds have been shown to have significant and persistent toxic effects to humans. They first appeared on markets in the 1900s and have been continually used since then in products such as bug bombs, building insect sprays, and ...
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Permethrin can be applied as a spray. The effects are not limited to mites: lice, cockroaches, fleas, mosquitos, and other insects will be affected. Ivermectin can be prescribed by a medical doctor to rid humans of mite and lice infestations, and agricultural formulations are available for infested birds and rodents. Antibiotic miticides
Pyrethrum rapidly knocks down flying insects but has negligible persistence — which is good for the environment but gives poor efficacy when applied in the field. Pyrethroids are essentially chemically stabilized forms of natural pyrethrum and belong to IRAC MoA group 3 (they interfere with sodium transport in insect nerve cells).
Cypermethrin is a broad-spectrum insecticide, which means it kills beneficial insects as well as the targeted insects. [14] Fish are particularly susceptible to cypermethrin, [ 15 ] [ 16 ] but when used as directed, application around residential sites poses little risk to aquatic life. [ 17 ]
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