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The proportion of patients who benefited from anticholinergics ranged from 1 in 9 in Oregon [44] to 1 in 5 in England. [11] Besides failing to resolve the blepharospasm, some drugs present the risk of side effects. In Japan, use of etizolam and benzodiazepine was associated with the development of blepharospasm.
Medical treatment is available to reduce sensitivity, with sodium valproate being commonly prescribed. Patients can also learn to avoid situations in which they might be exposed to stimuli that trigger seizures and/or take steps to diminish their sensitivity (as by covering one eye) if they are unavoidably exposed.
Oculogyric crisis (OGC) is a rare sudden, paroxysmal, dystonic reaction that may manifest in response to specific drugs, particularly neuroleptics, or medical conditions, such as movement disorders.
However, the appearance of uncontrollable emotions is commonly associated with many additional neurological disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, [5] Parkinson's disease, [6] cerebral palsy, [7] autism, [8] epilepsy, [9] and migraines. [10]
Another example is blinking to relieve an uncomfortable sensation in the eye. Some people with tics may not be aware of the premonitory urge. Children may be less aware of the premonitory urge associated with tics than are adults, but their awareness tends to increase with maturity. [12] Complex tics are rarely seen in the absence of simple tics.
In children, the most common cause is a stroke of the ventral pons. [9]Unlike persistent vegetative state, in which the upper portions of the brain are damaged and the lower portions are spared, locked-in syndrome is essentially the opposite, caused by damage to specific portions of the lower brain and brainstem, with no damage to the upper brain.
Automatism is a set of brief unconscious or automatic behaviors, [1] typically at least several seconds or minutes, while the subject is unaware of actions. This type of automatic behavior often occurs in certain types of epilepsy, such as complex partial seizures in those with temporal lobe epilepsy, [2] or as a side effect of particular medications such as zolpidem.
Spasm of accommodation is frequently resistant to treatment. However, some patients do find relief through the use of daily eye dilation with cycloplegic drops. One side effect of cycloplegic drops is that they often have BAK as a preservative ingredient, which, with daily use, can erode the tear shield: