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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 December 2024. Textile fiber from the hair of sheep or other mammals For other uses, see Wool (disambiguation). Wool before processing Unshorn Merino sheep Shorn sheep Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits, and camelids. The term may also refer to ...
The cross-section of a fiber has an effect on the appearance, hand, drape, flexibility, and moisture wicking properties. [3] The cross sectional shape or form of the fibers specifies their texture. Numerous physical characteristics such as hand, bulkiness, and luster are associated with cross sectional shape. [ 2 ]
Crossbred and coarse wools are often measured for mean fibre diameter by older instruments—"Airflow" in many parts of the world, and even a projection microscope in some cases. Weaner and hogget wool is finer and generally more valuable than the wool from older sheep. Most wool between 11.5 and 24 microns in fibre diameter is made into clothing.
This comparison can be continued on the microscopic level, comparing the diameter and structure of the fiber. With animal fibers, and natural fibers in general, the individual fibers look different, whereas all synthetic fibers look the same. This provides an easy way to differentiate between natural and synthetic fibers under a microscope.
The surface of woven fabrics is often roughened with a raising card to create a softer feel, higher volume and greater thermal insulation [11] Vicuña wool is considered the rarest and most expensive legal wool in the world; in 2010, raw wool traded for about 7-15 dollars per ounce. [12] The sorted and spun yarn trades at about $300 per ounce.
Chiru down hair (left) and cashmere down hair (right) comparison via scanning electron microscope Chiru guard hair comparison undyed and dyed via light microscope. The average fiber diameter of the down hair is 11.45 microns with a standard deviation of 1.78 microns and a coefficient of variation of 15.55 %, and a span from 6.25 to 16.25 microns. [4]
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Fulling, also known as tucking or walking (Scots: waukin, hence often spelt waulking in Scottish English), is a step in woollen clothmaking which involves the cleansing of woven cloth (particularly wool) to eliminate oils, dirt, and other impurities, and to make it shrink by friction and pressure. The work delivers a smooth, tightly finished ...