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In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code, or Caesar shift, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet .
ROT13 is a simple letter substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it in the Latin alphabet. ROT13 is a special case of the Caesar cipher which was developed in ancient Rome, used by Julius Caesar in the 1st century BC. [1] An early entry on the Timeline of cryptography.
The Caesar cipher is an Affine cipher with a = 1 since the encrypting function simply reduces to a linear shift. The Atbash cipher uses a = −1 . Considering the specific case of encrypting messages in English (i.e. m = 26 ), there are a total of 286 non-trivial affine ciphers, not counting the 26 trivial Caesar ciphers.
This is termed a substitution alphabet. The cipher alphabet may be shifted or reversed (creating the Caesar and Atbash ciphers, respectively) or scrambled in a more complex fashion, in which case it is called a mixed alphabet or deranged alphabet. Traditionally, mixed alphabets may be created by first writing out a keyword, removing repeated ...
As depicted, the Caesar cipher uses a substitution method much like the Aristocrat, however, instead of inserting a keyword into the ciphertext, you shift the ciphertext by three to the left. Coined in 1929 by a group of friends, a part of the American Cryptogram Association (ACA), the Aristocrat Cipher's name was a play on words intended to ...
An autokey cipher (also known as the autoclave cipher) is a cipher that incorporates the message (the plaintext) into the key. The key is generated from the message in some automated fashion, sometimes by selecting certain letters from the text or, more commonly, by adding a short primer key to the front of the message.
shift/add or mult/add or shift/add/xor or mult/xor PJW hash / Elf Hash: 32 or 64 bits add,shift,xor MurmurHash: 32, 64, or 128 bits product/rotation Fast-Hash [3] 32 or 64 bits xorshift operations SpookyHash 32, 64, or 128 bits see Jenkins hash function: CityHash [4] 32, 64, 128, or 256 bits FarmHash [5] 32, 64 or 128 bits MetroHash [6] 64 or ...
The Vigenère cipher is simple enough to be a field cipher if it is used in conjunction with cipher disks. [13] The Confederate States of America, for example, used a brass cipher disk to implement the Vigenère cipher during the American Civil War. The Confederacy's messages were far from secret, and the Union regularly cracked its messages.