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Value network analysis (VNA) is a methodology for understanding, using, visualizing, optimizing internal and external value networks and complex economic ecosystems. [1] [2] The methods include visualizing sets of relationships from a dynamic whole systems perspective.
Total intangible and tangible investment 1995-2023 Intangible investment as a share of GDP, 1995 versus 2023. Multiple economies. Business can benefit from unlocking value from their intangible assets, with intellectual property and other intangibles adding at least double the value to products as tangible capital. [1]
The Goldman Sachs asset management (GSAM) factor model is a quantitative investment model used by financial analysts to assess the potential performance and risk of company. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] There are various types of factor models – statistical models, macroeconomic models and fundamental models.
National Intangible Capital NIC consists of four basic dimensions according to the model by Edvinsson & Malone (1997). [3] This model has been further developed, [4] now consisting 48 different indicators representing the four main NIC categories: [1] Human capital: Capacity and capability of a country population Market capital: Global business ...
Absolute value models ("Intrinsic valuation") that determine the present value of an asset's expected future cash flows. These models take two general forms: multi-period models such as discounted cash flow models, or single-period models such as the Gordon model (which, in fact, often "telescope" the former). These models rely on mathematics ...
Intellectual capital is the result of mental processes that form a set of intangible objects that can be used in economic activity and bring income to its owner (organization), covering the competencies of its people (human capital), the value relating to its relationships (relational capital), and everything that is left when the employees go home (structural capital), [1] of which ...
Intangible knowledge exchanges include strategic information, planning knowledge, process knowledge, technical know-how, collaborative design and policy development; which support the product and service tangible value network. Intangible benefits are also considered favors that can be offered from one person to another.
In 2015, Fama and French extended the model, adding a further two factors — profitability and investment. Defined analogously to the HML factor, the profitability factor (RMW) is the difference between the returns of firms with robust (high) and weak (low) operating profitability; and the investment factor (CMA) is the difference between the returns of firms that invest conservatively and ...