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pulmonary embolism (PE) [3] [4] [5] BB00. VTE is a common cardiovascular disorder with significant morbidity and mortality. [3] [4] [5] VTE can present with various symptoms, such as painful leg swelling, chest pain, dyspnea, hemoptysis, syncope, and even death, depending on the location and extent of the thrombus.
The pulmonary embolism rule-out criteria (PERC) helps assess people in whom pulmonary embolism is suspected, but unlikely. Unlike the Wells score and Geneva score , which are clinical prediction rules intended to risk stratify people with suspected PE, the PERC rule is designed to rule out the risk of PE in people when the physician has already ...
The Wells score is a clinical prediction rule used to classify patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism (PE) into risk groups by quantifying the pre-test probability. It is different than Wells score for DVT (deep vein thrombosis).
The Geneva score is a clinical prediction rule used in determining the pre-test probability of pulmonary embolism (PE) based on a patient's risk factors and clinical findings. [1] It has been shown to be as accurate as the Wells Score , and is less reliant on the experience of the doctor applying the rule. [ 2 ]
pulmonary artery pressure (see pulmonary hypertension) [1] pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: Pap: Papanicolaou test (pap smear) PAPP-A: pregnancy-associated plasma protein A PARA I: indicating a woman with one child (partus = birth) [1] PARA II: indicating a woman with two children (partus = birth) [1] PASP: Pulmonary artery systolic pressure: PASH
It is regarded as a highly sensitive and specific test for pulmonary embolism. [1] CTPA is typically only requested if pulmonary embolism is suspected clinically. If the probability of PE is considered low, a blood test called D-dimer may be requested. If this is negative and risk of a PE is considered negligible, then CTPA or other scans are ...
Factors that can increase the D LCO include polycythaemia, asthma (can also have normal D LCO) and increased pulmonary blood volume as occurs in exercise.Other factors are left to right intracardiac shunting, mild left heart failure (increased blood volume) and alveolar hemorrhage (increased blood available for which CO does not have to cross a barrier to enter).
Other diseases for which BAE is effective include lung abscess and pulmonary actinomycosis. [6] As for lung cancer, hemoptysis is caused mostly by bleeding from the tumor itself, and not by the bronchial-pulmonary artery shunt mechanism; embolism of the feeding vessels for the tumor causes necrosis of the cancer which may evoke massive hemoptysis.