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  2. Hydraulic jumps in rectangular channels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_Jumps_in...

    1. y 2 /y 1 > 1: depth increases over the jump so that y 2 > y 1 2. Fr 2 < 1: downstream flow must be subcritical 3. Fr 1 > 1: upstream flow must be supercritical. Table 2 shows the calculated values used to develop Figure 8. The values associated with a y 1 = 1.5 ft are not valid for use since they violate the above limits.

  3. Archimedes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes

    Archimedes of Syracuse [a] (/ ˌ ɑːr k ɪ ˈ m iː d iː z / AR-kim-EE-deez; [2] c. 287 – c. 212 BC) was an Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the ancient city of Syracuse in Sicily. [3] Although few details of his life are known, he is considered one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity.

  4. Letter frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_frequency

    The California Job Case was a compartmentalized box for printing in the 19th century, sizes corresponding to the commonality of letters. The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and frequency analysis in particular, dating back to the Arab mathematician al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873 ), who formally developed the method (the ciphers breakable by this technique go ...

  5. Arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic

    Integer arithmetic is not closed under division. This means that when dividing one integer by another integer, the result is not always an integer. For instance, 7 divided by 2 is not a whole number but 3.5. [73] One way to ensure that the result is an integer is to round the result to a whole number.

  6. Hydrostatic weighing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic_weighing

    Example 1: If a block of solid stone weighs 3 kilograms on dry land and 2 kilogram when immersed in a tub of water, then it has displaced 1 kilogram of water. Since 1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram (at 4 °C), it follows that the volume of the block is 1 liter and the density (mass/volume) of the stone is 3 kilograms/liter.

  7. Arithmetic coding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_coding

    The next step is to encode this ternary number using a fixed-point binary number of sufficient precision to recover it, such as 0.0010110001 2 – this is only 10 bits; 2 bits are saved in comparison with naïve block encoding. This is feasible for long sequences because there are efficient, in-place algorithms for converting the base of ...

  8. Helium-3 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3

    Algeria's annual gas production is assumed to contain 100 million normal cubic metres [21] and this would contain between 7 and 24 cubic metres (250 and 850 cu ft) of helium-3 (about 1 to 4 kilograms (2.2 to 8.8 lb)) assuming a similar 3 He fraction. 3 He is also present in the Earth's atmosphere.

  9. 2023 New South Wales state election - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_New_South_Wales_state...

    The 2023 New South Wales state election was held on 25 March 2023 to elect the 58th Parliament of New South Wales, including all 93 seats in the Legislative Assembly and 21 of the 42 seats in the Legislative Council.