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Periodate (/ p ə ˈ r aɪ. ə d eɪ t / pə-RY-ə-dayt) is an anion composed of iodine and oxygen.It is one of a number of oxyanions of iodine and is the highest in the series, with iodine existing in oxidation state +7.
Commercially, it is usually made by reacting iodine with hydrogen sulfide or hydrazine: [4] 2 I 2 + N 2 H 4 4 HI + N 2. At room temperature, it is a colourless gas, like all of the hydrogen halides except hydrogen fluoride, since hydrogen cannot form strong hydrogen bonds to the large and only mildly electronegative iodine atom. It melts at − ...
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The compound is stable on a temperature up to approximately 580 °C (1,076 °F). If the temperature is higher than that value, the following reaction, known as Rammelsberg 's reaction, occurs: [ 3 ] 5 Ba(IO 3 ) 2 → Ba 5 (IO 6 ) 2 + 9 O 2 + 4 I 2
Calcium iodate, Ca(IO 3) 2, is the principal ore of iodine. It is also used as a nutritional supplement for cattle. Potassium iodate, KIO 3, like potassium iodide, has been issued as a prophylaxis against radioiodine absorption in some countries. [4] [5] It is also one of the iodine compounds used to make iodized salt. [6]
The compound appears to be highly unstable but can react with alkenes to give halogenated products. [ 7 ] Radical iodine oxide (IO), iodine dioxide (IO 2 ), collectively referred to as I x O y and iodine tetroxide ((I 2 O 4 ) all possess significant and interconnected atmospheric chemistry.
A report was presented on an organic synthesis for the iodination of ketones and aromatic compounds using ammonium iodide and H 2 O 2 (hydrogen peroxide). [5] This resulted in the products' high yields, which were gathered more efficiently, in a shorter duration compared to the use of the abrasive compound: molecular iodine [ 5 ]
Because the S 2− anion has a subscript of 2 in the formula (giving a 4− charge), the compound must be balanced with a 4+ charge on the Pb cation (lead can form cations with a 4+ or a 2+ charge). Thus, the compound is made of one Pb 4+ cation to every two S 2− anions, the compound is balanced, and its name is written as lead(IV) sulfide.