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The 7.62×54mmR originally had a 13.7 g (210 grain) "jager" round-nosed full metal jacket (FMJ) bullet. The projectile was replaced in 1908 by the 9.61-gram (148.3 gr) Лёгкая Пуля (Lyogkaya pulya, "light bullet") spitzer bullet, whose basic design has remained to the present.
The 7.62 mm designation refers to the internal diameter of the barrel at the lands (the raised helical ridges in rifled gun barrels). The actual bullet caliber is often 7.82 mm (0.308 in), although Soviet weapons commonly use a 7.91 mm (0.311 in) bullet, as do older British (.303 British) and Japanese (7.7×58mm Arisaka) cartridges.
Common rifle cartridges, from the largest .50 BMG to the smallest .22 Long Rifle with a $1 United States dollar bill in the background as a reference point.. This is a table of selected pistol/submachine gun and rifle/machine gun cartridges by common name.
If you're in need of .30-30, .270 or .30-06 cartridges, you might have to get creative or pay inflated prices.
The below table gives a list of firearms that can fire the 7.62×54mmR cartridge. The cartridge was originally developed for the Mosin–Nagant rifle and introduced in 1891 by the Russian Empire. It was the service cartridge of the late Tsarist era and throughout the Soviet period to the present-day Russia and other countries as well.
T2AAP = 3,600 Cartridges, .45 ACP Ball M1911, in 50-round Cartons, 12 cartons per M5 Ammo Can, 3 M5 Ammo Cans per rectangular cardboard box, 2 horizontally-stacked cardboard boxes per metal 20mm Mk.1 Mod.0 ammo box. Used by the Navy and Marine Corps starting in 1943 to replace the small and large M1917 wooden packing boxes.
From their web site: "Some hunters have been confused because there have been varying marking on the package, case bottom and stamps: 7.62×53: 7.62×53R: 7.62×54: 7.62×54R. This happened because the 53.72 mm case length was rounded off differently in various countries.
The original can be viewed here: 7.62 x 54 R.jpg: . Modifications made by Tsaitgaist . This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.