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There are Sunni fatwas that were considered Sunni obligation to the "insult offered to the Sunni faith by the Shia religious literature." [30] This is demonstrated in the case of some Sunni fatwas issued in Pakistan, which were considered as defensive materials created for the purpose of defending the faith from the Shia. [30]
A fatwa (Arabic: فتوى) is a non-binding legal opinion in Islam, issued by an Islamically qualified religious law specialist, known as a mufti, on a specific issue. The following is a list of notable historical and contemporary fatwas.
Under Shaltut, Sunni-Shia ecumenical activities would reach their zenith. [1] The fatwa is the fruit of a decade-long collaborative effort between a group of Sunni and Shia scholars at the Dar al-Taqreeb al-Madhahib al-Islamiyyah ("center for bringing together the various Islamic schools of thought") theological center at Al-Azhar University in ...
According to this doctrine, every Muslim is supposed to choose and follow a high-ranking living mujtahid bearing the title of marja' al-taqlid, whose fatwas are considered binding, unlike fatwas in Sunni Islam. Thus, in contrast to Sunni muftis, Shia mujtahids gradually achieved increasing independence from the state. [5]
[12] [14] On 20 September 2010, the Kuwaiti government held a meeting and accused Al-Habib of insulting religious symbols and attempting to excite sedition in Kuwait, and cancelled his citizenship. [1] [15] In Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, a number of Shia clerics condemned his actions and they considered it as his abandonment from Shia beliefs. [16]
Members of the Sunni sect are also known to block Shia processions passing through Sunni areas, causing tensions between the two sects. [71] Sunnis have also declared them as non Muslims [72] on various occasions through official fatwas, [73] however they mean little as the Indian government recognises Shias as Muslims. [74] [75] [76]
Twelver Shias sometimes consider Zaydism to be a "fifth school" of Sunni Islam. [4] Zaydis regard rationalism as more important than Quranic literalism and historically were quite tolerant towards Sunni Shafi'ism, a religion of about half of the Yemenis. [5] Most of the world's Zaydis are located in northern Yemen and Najran, Saudi Arabia.
Both Sunni and Shia scholars have held anti-Umayyad views, most notably concerning Yazid ibn Mu'awiyah. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] In the early modern period , the conflict between Shias and Sunnis took a turn for the worse when the Safavid and Ottoman dynasties turned the military conflict between them into a religious war after the Safavids made Shia ...