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Crash is a coarse fabric with a rough, irregular surface, made from thick, uneven yarns. Crash fabric is coarse linen-based rugged material made from both dyed and raw yarns. The yarns used are often grey or white in color. Crash fabrics are indistinct woven.
Combing is then followed by two Gillings to remove irregularity in the sliver and randomize fibre ends. This post-combing process is required if spinning is to follow. It is known that a sliver can be spun to a yarn of only 21 fibres with a suitable average length of 150 mm. [citation needed]
Eisengarn, meaning "iron yarn" in English, is a light-reflecting, strong, waxed-cotton thread. It is made by soaking cotton threads in a starch, paraffin wax solution. The threads are then stretched and polished. The result of the process is a lustrous, tear-resistant yarn which is extremely hardwearing. [1] [2]
Basic leno weave. Leno weave (also called gauze weave or cross weave) [1] is a weave in which two warp yarns are woven around the weft yarns to provide a strong yet sheer fabric. . The standard warp yarn is paired with a skeleton or 'doup' yarn; these twisted warp yarns grip tightly to the weft which causes the durability of the fabr
In open end type friction spinning the fibres in the yarn are integrated as a stacked cone. The fibres in the surface of the yarn found more compact and good packing density than the axial fibres in the yarn. The yarn tail can be considered as a loosely constructed conical mass of fibres, formed at the nip of the spinning drums.
Staple length is a term referring to the average length of a group of fibers of any composition. Short staple cotton fibers produce carded yarns that are generally irregular and have protruding hairs, hence a low yarn quality. Long-staple fibers contribute to better spinnability and strength, delivering regular yarns of superior quality.
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A stitch is a single turn or loop of the thread or yarn in sewing, knitting, and embroidery. All stitches made with a sewing needle with an "eye" or hole are variations on seven basic stitches: running stitch, backstitch, overcast stitch, cross stitch, buttonhole or blanket stitch, chain stitch, and knot stitch. [30]