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Lambda phage is a non-contractile tailed phage, meaning during an infection event it cannot 'force' its DNA through a bacterial cell membrane. It must instead use an existing pathway to invade the host cell, having evolved the tip of its tail to interact with a specific pore to allow entry of its DNA to the hosts.
Temperate phages (such as lambda phage) can reproduce using both the lytic and the lysogenic cycle. [4] How a phage decides which cycle to enter depends on a variety of factors. [5] For instance, if there are several other infecting phages (or if there is a high multiplicity), it is likely that the phage will use the lysogenic cycle.
In molecular biology, the Cro repressor family is a family of repressor proteins in bacteriophage lambda that includes the Cro repressor.. Bacteriophage lambda encodes two repressors: the Cro repressor that acts to turn off early gene transcription during the lytic cycle, and the lambda or cI repressor required to maintain lysogenic growth.
As phage virions do not move independently, they must rely on random encounters with the correct receptors when in solution, such as blood, lymphatic circulation, irrigation, soil water, etc. [citation needed] Myovirus bacteriophages use a hypodermic syringe-like motion to inject their genetic material into the cell. After contacting the ...
cII is the central “switchman” in the lambda phage bistable genetic switch, allowing environmental and cellular conditions to factor into the decision to lysogenize or to lyse its host. [4] cII acts as a transcriptional activator of three promoters on the phage genome: pI, pRE, and pAQ.
The article also discusses the mating of E. Coli and salmonella cells using the lambda phage and the P1 pathway to deliver the genetic information from the E. Coli to the salmonella cells. During this process the E. Coli k-12 genes are transduced into the salmonella and later expressed using IHF (integrated host factors), during the lytic phase.
The dormant form of the lambda genome was called the ‘prophage’. [7] Study of phage lambda over the next 50 years provided valuable insights into virus life cycles, [18] the regulation and expression of genetic material, [19] and the mechanism of integration and excision of genetic material into chromosomal locations. [7]
Esther Miriam Zimmer Lederberg (December 18, 1922 – November 11, 2006) was an American microbiologist and a pioneer of bacterial genetics.She discovered the bacterial virus lambda phage and the bacterial fertility factor F, devised the first implementation of replica plating, and furthered the understanding of the transfer of genes between bacteria by specialized transduction.