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Necrosis can be activated by components of the immune system, such as the complement system; bacterial toxins; activated natural killer cells; and peritoneal macrophages. [1] Pathogen-induced necrosis programs in cells with immunological barriers (intestinal mucosa) may alleviate invasion of pathogens through surfaces affected by inflammation. [1]
This causes necrosis. [8] Necrosis is a histological term that means death of the pulp. [9] It does not occur suddenly unless there has been trauma. The pulp may be partially necrotic for some time. The area of cell death enlarges until the entire pulp is necrotic. Bacteria invade the pulp which causes the root canal system to become infected. [10]
Liquefactive necrosis (or colliquative necrosis) is a type of necrosis which results in a transformation of the tissue into a liquid viscous mass. [1] Often it is associated with focal bacterial or fungal infections, and can also manifest as one of the symptoms of an internal chemical burn . [ 2 ]
The exact cause of the condition is unknown. [4] [5] There is most evidence to support vascular infarction and ischemic necrosis of salivary gland lobules as a mechanism for the condition. [6] Experimentally, local anaesthetic injections and tying of the arteries is reported to trigger the development of tissue changes similar to NS in lab rats ...
Exposure of the pulp causes pulpitis (an inflammation which can become irreversible, leading to pain and pulp necrosis, and necessitating either root canal treatment or extraction). [1] The ultimate goal of pulp capping or stepwise caries removal is to protect a healthy (or reversibly inflammed) dental pulp, and avoid the need for root canal ...
Expansion of the cyst causes erosion of the floor of the maxillary sinus. As soon as it enters the maxillary antrum, the expansion rate increases due to available space for expansion. Performing a percussion test by tapping the affected teeth will cause shooting pain. This is often clinically diagnostic of pulpal infection. [citation needed]
Based on the most common causes of toothache (dentin hypersensitivity, periodontitis, and pulpitis), the key indicators become localization of the pain (whether the pain is perceived as originating in a specific tooth), thermal sensitivity, pain on biting, spontaneity of the pain, and factors that make the pain worse.
Sometimes the involucrum is penetrated by channels (cloacae) through which pus drains to the skin or mouth. [3] OM of the jaws often occurs in the presence of one or more predisposing factors. These factors are related to compromised vascular perfusion locally, regionally or systemically, causes of immunocompromise and poor wound