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How to define a normal or abnormal nuchal translucency measurement can be difficult. The use of a single millimeter cutoff (such as 2.5 or 3.0 mm) is inappropriate because nuchal translucency measurements normally increases with gestational age (by approximately 15% to 20% per gestational week from 10 to 13 weeks). [10]
Perhaps the most common such test uses a measurement of the nuchal translucency thickness ("NT-test", or "Nuchal Scan"). Although 91% of fetuses affected by Down syndrome exhibit this defect, 5% of fetuses flagged by the test do not have Down syndrome. Ultrasound may also detect fetal organ anomaly.
Nuchal translucency ultrasound & blood prick/draw ~1 week Chromosomal abnormalities, birth defects, heart defects Very low risk, however there is the potential for bruising, pain, nerve damage, fainting, haematoma, bacterial infection, and bloodborne pathogen exposure.
This is untrue: At the end of the second trimester, the nuchal translucency can no longer be seen and instead the nuchal fold is measured. The fold is more focal and at the level of the posterior fossa. This measurement has a higher threshold of normal, although the implications of increased thickness are similar to those of translucency.
An impaired placenta cannot support the pregnancy and this may lead to the loss of a chromosomally normal baby. [5] On the other hand, an apparently normal diploid fetus may experience problems with growth or development due to the effects of uniparental disomy (UPD). Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been reported in a number of CPM ...
Atherosclerosis happens when a fatty substance called plaque builds up inside your arteries. There are typically few noticeable symptoms until the situation becomes dire and you experience ...
Increased nuchal translucency or other abnormal ultrasound findings; Family history of a chromosomal abnormality or other genetic disorder; Parents are known carriers for a genetic disorder; Advanced maternal age (maternal age above 35). AMA is associated with increase risk of Down's syndrome and at age 35, risk is 1:400.
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