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The N52 debuted with solid cast intake and exhaust camshafts, but during production hollow "hydro-formed" camshafts were phased in to reduce weight. [11] Some engines came from the factory equipped with one solid and one hollow camshaft as the solid shaft was being phased out. Engine performance is not affected by installation of mixed camshafts.
The S54 is the equivalent high performance engine, used in the E46 M3, the Z3 M Coupé/Roadster and the E85/E86 Z4 M. The BMW M56 SULEV engine (sold in several states of the United States) is based on the M54. The M54 was phased out following the introduction of the BMW N52 engine in 2004.
VANOS units on the intake and exhaust camshafts of a BMW N52 engine. VANOS is a variable valve timing system used by BMW on various automotive petrol engines since 1992. The name is an abbreviation of the German words for variable camshaft timing (German: variable Nockenwellensteuerung).
The BMW S52 engine is a high performance variant of the M52 which powered the American and Canadian market E36 M3 from 1996 to 1999. In 1998, the "technical update" (M52TU) upgrades included adding variable valve timing to the exhaust camshaft. The M52 was replaced by the M54 in the year 2000.
BMW — DISA (DIfferenzierte SaugAnlage – "Differential Air Intake"), two stage: M42, M44, M54, N62TU, three stage: N52; DIVA (continuously variable length runners): N62, is the world's first continuously variable length intake manifold. [2] Citroën — XM 3,0 V6.24 (200 hp) used during 1991 to 1997, ZX Coupe 2.0 16v XU10J4 engine.
The goal of performance exhaust headers is mainly to decrease flow resistance (back pressure), and to increase the volumetric efficiency of an engine, resulting in a gain in power output. The processes occurring can be explained by the gas laws , specifically the ideal gas law and the combined gas law .
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