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The four relational models are as follows: Communal sharing (CS) relationships are the most basic form of relationship where some bounded group of people are conceived as equivalent, undifferentiated and interchangeable such that distinct individual identities are disregarded and commonalities are emphasized, with intimate and kinship relations being prototypical examples of CS relationship. [2]
In the 1940s, research in leadership began straying away from identifying individual leadership traits, to analyzing the effects of certain leadership behaviors – predominantly task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership. [4] The table below compares task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership styles side-by-side:
The theory focuses on types of leader-subordinate relationships [4] which are further classified into subgroups, namely the in-group and the out-group. [5] The in-group consists of members that receive greater responsibilities and encouragement, [ 5 ] and are able to express opinions without having any restrictions.
In reviewing the older leadership theories, Scouller highlighted certain limitations in relation to the development of a leader's skill and effectiveness: [3] Trait theory: As Stogdill (1948) [4] and Buchanan & Huczynski (1997) had previously pointed out, this approach has failed to develop a universally agreed list of leadership qualities and "successful leaders seem to defy classification ...
The Washington Post describes The Leadership Challenge as a "business-meets-self help canon." [1] Carmine Gallo and Tom Gerace have cited The Leadership Challenge as an important book in developing their leadership skills. [5] [16] Verne Harnish described the book as "one of the five most important leadership books ever written." [17]
The leader–member exchange (LMX) theory is a relationship-based approach to leadership that focuses on the two-way relationship between leaders and followers. [1]The latest version (2016) of leader–member exchange theory of leadership development explains the growth of vertical dyadic workplace influence and team performance in terms of selection and self-selection of informal ...
The Palgrave Handbook of Relational Sociology was published in 2018. All together it consists of 33 chapters. [37] Recent years has seen the development of a relational approach to organizational theory in education by Scott Eacott, [38] best captured in "Beyond Leadership: A Relational Approach to Organizational Theory in Education". [39]
One of the best-known and most influential functional theories of leadership, used in many leadership development programs, is John Adair's "Action-Centred Leadership". John Adair developed a model of Action-Centred Leadership comprising 3 interlocking balls in a venn diagram arrangement, labelled Task, Team and Individual on the premise that: