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The Eastern Settlement (Old Norse: Eystribygð [ˈœystreˌbyɣð]) was the first and by far the larger of the two main areas of Norse Greenland, settled c. AD 985 – c. AD 1000 by Norsemen from Iceland. At its peak, it contained approximately 4,000 inhabitants.
Written sources consider the age of settlement in Iceland to have begun with settlement by Ingólfr Arnarson around 874, for he was the first to sail to Iceland with the purpose of settling the land. Archaeological evidence shows that extensive human settlement of the island indeed began at this time, and "that the whole country was occupied ...
Currently for Iceland, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 8 regions and 64 municipalities. Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is IS , the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Iceland and the second part is a digit (1–8) for regions or three letters for municipalities.
Map of Iceland. Most municipalities in Iceland include more than one settlement. [1] For example, four localities (Selfoss, Stokkseyri, Eyrarbakki, and Tjarnabyggð) can all be found in the municipality of Árborg. A number of municipalities only contain a single locality, while there are also a few municipalities in which no localities exist.
Knowledge of the system of government in medieval Iceland stems mainly from two main primary sources: the written law code, and Íslendingabók, [10] or the Book of the Icelanders by Ari the Learned. The impact of the legislative and judicial systems on Icelandic settlers is a common theme in many of the other Icelandic sagas .
Northernmost settlement — Grímsey, Eyjafjörður Southernmost point — Surtsey , Vestmannaeyjar ( 63°17′N 20°35′W / 63.283°N 20.583°W / 63.283; -20.583 ( Surtsey Southernmost settlement (farm) — Garðar, Vestur-Skaftafellssýsla ( 63°24'N , 019°03'W)
Eskifjörður (in original spelling; Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈɛscɪˌfjœrðʏr̥] ⓘ), or Eskifjördur, is a town and port in eastern Iceland with a large fishing industry. With a population of 1,043 it is one of the most populous towns in the municipality of Fjarðabyggð .
Egilsstaðir (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈeijɪlsˌstaːðɪr̥]) is a town in east Iceland on the banks of the Lagarfljót river. It is part of the municipality of Múlaþing and the largest settlement of the Eastern Region with, as of 2024, a population of 2,632 inhabitants.