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Aquacultural engineering has played a role in the expansion of the aquaculture industry, which now accounts for half of all seafood products consumed in the world. [5] To identify effective solutions the discipline is combined with both fish physiology and business economics unknowledge.
A number of countries have created their own national standards and certifying bodies for organic aquaculture. While there is not simply one international organic aquaculture standardization process, one of the largest certification organizations is the Global Trust, [9] which delivers assessments and certifications to match the highest quality organic aquaculture standards.
In some tropical Asian countries some traditional forms of aquaculture of finfish in floating cages, nearby fish and shrimp ponds, and oyster farming integrated with some capture fisheries in estuaries can be considered a form of IMTA. [8] Since 2010, IMTA has been used commercially in Norway, Scotland, and Ireland.
The challenge in these cases are due to the regulations stipulating that mangrove coverage need to be above optimal percentages, between 60-80%, which has led to over logging and the reluctance to practice silvoaquaculture. [8] [9] Other factors that can affect the production of shrimps in silvoaquaculture are the following: [4]
Aquaculture is the most rapidly expanding food industry in the world [7] as a result of declining wild fisheries stocks and profitable business. [2] In 2008, aquaculture provided 45.7% of the fish produced globally for human consumption; increasing at a mean rate of 6.6% a year since 1970.
Raising fish in cages in a lake in a relatively undeveloped environment. Urban aquaculture employs water-based systems, the most common, which mostly use cages and pens; land-based systems, which make use of ponds, tanks and raceways; recirculating systems are usually high control enclosed systems, [clarification needed] whereas irrigation is used for livestock fish.
Peat has been Ireland's staple fuel for centuries and as of 2005 it provided about 9% of the country's energy needs. [13] Peatlands cover approximately 17% of the area of Ireland, [14] and Bord na Móna (the "Peat Board") is a semi-state company charged with the mechanised harvesting of peat – extracting more than 4 million tonnes in 2014. [15]
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are used in home aquaria and for fish production where water exchange is limited and the use of biofiltration is required to reduce ammonia toxicity. [1] Other types of filtration and environmental control are often also necessary to maintain clean water and provide a suitable habitat for fish. [ 2 ]