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According to some authors, organyl derivatives of acidic hydrogen of other acids are esters as well (e.g. amides), but not according to the IUPAC. [ 1 ] An example of an ester formation is the substitution reaction between a carboxylic acid ( R−C(=O)−OH ) and an alcohol (R'OH), forming an ester ( R−C(=O)−O−R' ), where R and R′ are ...
Esters derived from more complex carboxylic acids are, on the other hand, more frequently named using the systematic IUPAC name, based on the name for the acid followed by the suffix -oate. For example, the ester hexyl octanoate, also known under the trivial name hexyl caprylate, has the formula CH 3 (CH 2) 6 CO 2 (CH 2) 5 CH 3.
Common Name Systematic Name Structural Formula Lipid Numbers Propionic acid: Propanoic acid CH 3 CH 2 COOH C3:0 Butyric acid: Butanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 2 COOH C4:0 Valeric acid: Pentanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 3 COOH C5:0 Caproic acid: Hexanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 4 COOH C6:0 Enanthic acid: Heptanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 5 COOH C7:0 Caprylic acid: Octanoic ...
For esters such as ethyl acetate (CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 3), ethyl formate (HCOOCH 2 CH 3) or dimethyl phthalate that are based on common acids, IUPAC recommends use of these established names, called retained names. The "-oate" changes to "-ate."
Triglycerides take formal IUPAC names according to the rule governing naming of esters. For example, the formal name propane-1,2,3-tryl 1,2-bis((9Z)-octadec-9-enoate) 3-(hexadecanoate) applies to the pheromone informally named as glyceryl 1,2-dioleate-3-palmitate, [8] and also known by other common names including 1,2-dioleoyl-3 ...
Its name comes from the Greek word στέαρ "stéar", which means tallow. The salts and esters of stearic acid are called stearates. [9] As its ester, stearic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature and in the food supply, following palmitic acid.
Food poisoning, also known as foodborne illness, is a common sickness caused by swallowing food or liquids that contain harmful bacteria, viruses or parasites, and sometimes even chemicals.
Crotonic acid has 4 carbons, is included in croton oil, and is a trans-2-mono-unsaturated fatty acid.C 3 H 5 CO 2 H, IUPAC organization name (E)-but-2-enoic acid, trans-but-2-enoic acid, numerical representation 4:1, n-1, molecular weight 86.09, melting point 72–74 °C, boiling point 180–181 °C, specific gravity 1.027.