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To give a further example, the system of Chomsky and Halle defines the class of voiceless stops by the specification of two binary features: [-continuant] and [-voice]. [3] Any sound with both the feature [-continuant] (not able to be pronounced continuously) and the feature [-voice] (not pronounced with vibration of the vocal cords) is ...
Voice or voicing is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize speech sounds (usually consonants). Speech sounds can be described as either voiceless (otherwise known as unvoiced) or voiced. The term, however, is used to refer to two separate concepts:
Nasal clicks are click consonants pronounced with nasal airflow.All click types (alveolar ǃ, dental ǀ, lateral ǁ, palatal ǂ, retroflex ‼, and labial ʘ) have nasal variants, and these are attested in four or five phonations: voiced, voiceless, aspirated, murmured (breathy voiced), and—in the analysis of Miller (2011)—glottalized.
pharyngealized voiceless postalveolar fricative [ʃˤ] (in Kabyle and Chechen) pharyngealized voiced postalveolar fricative [ʒˤ] (in Kabyle and Chechen) pharyngealized voiceless dental fricative [θˤ] (in Zenaga, Shawiya and Shehri) pharyngealized voiced dental fricative [ðˤ] ⓘ (in Arabic ظ, and as [θ̬ˤ], a variant pronunciation in ...
Although ejective stops are necessarily voiceless, click–ejective contours may be voiced, as the voicing during the articulation of the first (click) release is stopped for the second (ejective) release. In IPA, using the alveolar series as an example, the two series are ǃ͡qʼ and ᶢǃ͡qʼ (also ǃ̬͡qʼ , etc.).
The following are the non-pulmonic consonants.They are sounds whose airflow is not dependent on the lungs. These include clicks (found in the Khoisan languages and some neighboring Bantu languages of Africa), implosives (found in languages such as Sindhi, Hausa, Swahili and Vietnamese), and ejectives (found in many Amerindian and Caucasian languages).
An obstruent (/ ˈ ɒ b s t r u ə n t / OB-stroo-ənt) is a speech sound such as , , or that is formed by obstructing airflow. Obstruents contrast with sonorants, which have no such obstruction and so resonate. [1] All obstruents are consonants, but sonorants include vowels as well as consonants.
Voiceless sonorants are rare; they occur as phonemes in only about 5% of the world's languages. [3] They tend to be extremely quiet and difficult to recognise, even for those people whose language has them. In every case of a voiceless sonorant occurring, there is a contrasting voiced sonorant.