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These mechanisms can be broken down into four major groups: speech generation (talking), speech comprehension (hearing), writing generation (writing), and writing comprehension (reading). In a practical sense, linguistic intelligence is the extent to which an individual can use language, both written and verbal, to achieve goals. [3]
The goal of plain language translation is to increase accessibility for those with lower literacy levels. In the United States, the movement towards plain language legal writing began with the 1963 book Language of the Law, by David Mellinkoff. [24] However, the movement was popularized by Richard Wydick's 1979 book Plain English for Lawyers. [24]
A written language is the representation of a language by means of writing. This involves the use of visual symbols, known as graphemes, to represent linguistic units such as phonemes, syllables, morphemes, or words. However, written language is not merely spoken or signed language written down, though it can approximate that. Instead, it is a ...
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. [1] [2] [3] The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures in sign languages), phonology (the abstract sound system of a particular language, and analogous systems of sign languages), and pragmatics ...
Writing systems are used to record human language, and may be classified according to certain common features. The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the languages in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name. Other informative or qualifying ...
Writing about the acquisition of academic writing styles of those who are learning English as an additional language, Swales presented six defining characteristics: A discourse community: has a broadly agreed set of common public goals. has mechanisms of intercommunication among its members.
Communicative language teaching (CLT) is an approach to foreign or second language learning which emphasizes that the goal of language learning is communicative competence. The communicative approach has been developed particularly by British applied linguists as a reaction away from grammar-based approaches such as the aural-oral (audio ...
On June 1, 1998, President Bill Clinton issued a Memorandum on Plain Language in Government Writing. The rationale for this memorandum was to "make the Government more responsive, accessible, and understandable in its communications with the public" and its goal is to save the Government and the private sector "time, effort and money.