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Piriformis syndrome is a condition which is believed to result from nerve compression at the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle. [2] [5] It is a specific case of deep gluteal syndrome. [6] The largest and most bulky nerve in the human body is the sciatic nerve. Starting at its origin it is 2 cm wide and 0.5 cm thick.
Piriformis syndrome occurs when the piriformis irritates the sciatic nerve, which comes into the gluteal region beneath the muscle, causing pain in the buttocks and referred pain along the sciatic nerve. [8] This referred pain is known as sciatica. Seventeen percent of the population has their sciatic nerve coursing through the piriformis muscle.
Piriformis syndrome is a condition that, depending on the analysis, varies from a "very rare" cause to contributing up to 8% of low back or buttock pain. [15] In 17% of people, the sciatic nerve runs through the piriformis muscle rather than beneath it. [ 14 ]
The biomechanical relationship between the sacroiliac joint, the piriformis muscle (see "piriformis syndrome"), and the sciatic nerve had not yet been discovered. [18] In 1934, the work of Mixter and Barr shifted all emphasis in research and treatment from the sacroiliac to the herniated intervertebral disc, namely lumbar discs. [30]
Endoscopic treatment for sciatic nerve entrapment has been investigated in deep gluteal syndrome. Patients were treated with sciatic nerve decompression by resection of fibrovascular scar bands, piriformis tendon release, obturator internus, or quadratus femoris, or by hamstring tendon scarring. [13]
The piriformis syndrome, which is also called deep gluteal syndrome or gluteal pain syndrome, is the pain or numbness in the posterior thigh, the buttock, and the hip, with radiation or radicular pain in the sciatic nerve distribution. [3]
The main epidemiological data available is on piriformis syndrome. Due to challenges in defining and diagnosing piriformis syndrome, attempts at quantifying its prevalence have led to conflicting estimates. Recent estimates for the prevalence of piriformis syndrome are 6% and 17% of all patients with low back pain / sciatica. [8]
The piriformis nerve, also known as the nerve to piriformis, is the peripheral nerve that provides motor innervation to the piriformis muscle. Structure Origin ...
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