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  2. Counting sort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting_sort

    Here input is the input array to be sorted, key returns the numeric key of each item in the input array, count is an auxiliary array used first to store the numbers of items with each key, and then (after the second loop) to store the positions where items with each key should be placed, k is the maximum value of the non-negative key values and ...

  3. Binary search - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search

    Binary search Visualization of the binary search algorithm where 7 is the target value Class Search algorithm Data structure Array Worst-case performance O (log n) Best-case performance O (1) Average performance O (log n) Worst-case space complexity O (1) Optimal Yes In computer science, binary search, also known as half-interval search, logarithmic search, or binary chop, is a search ...

  4. AWK - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWK

    FNR: File Number of Records. Keeps a current count of the number of input records read so far in the current file. This variable is automatically reset to zero each time a new file is started. [15] NF: Number of Fields. Contains the number of fields in the current input record.

  5. Selection algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_algorithm

    As a baseline algorithm, selection of the th smallest value in a collection of values can be performed by the following two steps: . Sort the collection; If the output of the sorting algorithm is an array, retrieve its th element; otherwise, scan the sorted sequence to find the th element.

  6. Foreach loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreach_loop

    The C language does not have collections or a foreach construct. However, it has several standard data structures that can be used as collections, and foreach can be made easily with a macro.

  7. Hash function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function

    For example, Python adds the feature that hash functions make use of a randomized seed that is generated once when the Python process starts in addition to the input to be hashed. [9] The Python hash is still a valid hash function when used within a single run, but if the values are persisted (for example, written to disk), they can no longer ...

  8. Stack Overflow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_Overflow

    The name for the website was chosen by voting in April 2008 by readers of Coding Horror, Atwood's programming blog. [18] On 31 July 2008, Jeff Atwood sent out invitations encouraging his subscribers to take part in the private beta of the new website, limiting its use to those willing to test out the new software.

  9. List of algorithms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_algorithms

    An algorithm is fundamentally a set of rules or defined procedures that is typically designed and used to solve a specific problem or a broad set of problems.. Broadly, algorithms define process(es), sets of rules, or methodologies that are to be followed in calculations, data processing, data mining, pattern recognition, automated reasoning or other problem-solving operations.