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A cellular repeater (also known as cell phone signal booster or cell phone signal amplifier) is a type of bi-directional amplifier used to improve cell phone reception. [citation needed] A cellular repeater system commonly consists of a donor antenna that receives and transmits signal from nearby cell towers, coaxial cables, a signal amplifier, and an indoor rebroadcast antenna.
In the U.S., the analog AMPS standard that used the cellular band (800 MHz) was replaced by a number of digital systems. Initially, systems based upon the AMPS mobile phone model were popular, including IS-95 (often known as " CDMA ", the air interface technology it uses) and IS-136 (often known as D-AMPS, Digital AMPS, or " TDMA ", the air ...
A Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA), or Mast Head Amplifier (MHA), is a low-noise amplifier (LNA) mounted as close as practical to the antenna in mobile masts or base transceiver stations. A TMA reduces the base transceiver station noise figure (NF) and therefore improves its overall sensitivity ; in other words the mobile mast is able to receive ...
Cellular lattice tower A cell tower in Peristeri, Greece. A cell site, cell phone tower, cell base tower, or cellular base station is a cellular-enabled mobile device site where antennas and electronic communications equipment are placed (typically on a radio mast, tower, or other raised structure) to create a cell, or adjacent cells, in a cellular network.
Some electronics, e.g. amplifiers Good coverage indoors on 850/900 MHz. Repeaters possible. 35 km hard limit. Very low density Hard Yes GPRS Class A 2G: CDMA: IS-95 (CDMA one) Digital: 1995 Limited None None Unlimited cell size, low transmitter power permits large cells Very low density Soft No 3G: CDMA: IS-2000 (CDMA 2000) Digital: 2000 / 2002 ...
large system; underwent extensive upgrading during the 1990s and is reasonably modern; Telecom Egypt, the landline monopoly, has been increasing service availability and in 2006 fixed-line density stood at 14 per 100 persons; as of 2007 there were three mobile-cellular networks and service is expanding rapidly
The nulls in the radiation pattern of small receiving loops and ferrite core antennas are bi-directional, and are much sharper than the directions of maximum power of either loop or of linear antennas, and even most beam antennas; the null directionality of small loops is comparable to the maximal directionality of large dish antennas (aperture ...
In 1953, C-COR was the first to introduce cable powering which transmits power through coaxial cables for powering cable amplifiers. In 1965, it introduced the use of integrated circuits in amplifiers used on utility poles and in 1969 was the first to use heat fins on amplifiers.