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The American term lobotomy has never been used by medical writers in the UK to describe a psychosurgical operation on the frontal lobe. The standard Freeman-Watts operation, called a lobotomy in the US, was called a leucotomy in the UK. Freeman later developed a psychosurgical technique in which an instrument is inserted through the eye-socket.
The first country to ban lobotomy was the Soviet Union in 1950 as it was considered a practice that violated all forms of human rights. By the 1970s most nations had banned the procedure. A "light" version of Lobotomy, still used today on patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, is called an anterior temporal leucotomy.
In the United Kingdom, a survey found that in the mid-1970s about 150 people a year were undergoing psychosurgery. A few people underwent the standard pre-frontal leucotomy; the most commonly used operation was subcaudate tractotomy. Methods used to destroy tissue included thermocoagulation, suction, radioisotopes and leucotomes.
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One such practice was the lobotomy, that was used between the 1930s and 1950s, [5]: 20 for which one its creators, António Egas Moniz, received a Nobel Prize in 1949. [80] The lobotomy fell out of favor in by 1960s and 1970s. [81] Other forms of ablative psychosurgery were in use in the UK in the late 1970s to treat psychotic and mood ...
In Japan, the majority of lobotomies were performed on children with behaviour problems. The Soviet Union banned the practice in 1950 on moral grounds. [146] [147] [148] In Germany, it was performed only a few times. [149] By the late 1970s, the practice of lobotomy had generally ceased, although it continued as late as the 1980s in France. [150]