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The Old Assyrian period was the second stage of Assyrian history, covering the history of the city of Assur from its rise as an independent city-state under Puzur-Ashur I c. 2025 BC [c] to the foundation of a larger Assyrian territorial state after the accession of Ashur-uballit I c. 1363 BC, [d] which marks the beginning of the succeeding Middle Assyrian period.
c. 1850 BC - c. 1700 BC (Old Assyrian) Map showing the approximate extent of the Upper Mesopotamian Empire at the death of Shamshi-Adad I c. 1721 BC. Map of the Ancient Near East showing the city-state Assur within the territory of the First Babylonian Dynasty during the reign of King Hammurabi's son and successor, Samsu-iluna (light green) c ...
Isuwa on the map of the ancient Middle East in the beginning of the Amarna letters period, the first half of the 14th century BC. Isuwa was located on the eastern bank of the river Euphrates, opposite modern-day Malatya and along the south bank of the Murat Su.
The name Amurru appears in the Old Assyrian period as a geographical designation, often with the divine determinative prefix, bearing similarities to how the god Assur and the city of Assur freely interchange in Old Assyrian texts. [8] The Mari archives also mention Amurru, which may have been the name of a federation.
The old temple dedicated to the national god of the Assyrians Assur was rebuilt, as were temples to other Assyrian gods. Assyrian Eastern Aramaic inscriptions from the remains of Ashur have yielded insight into the Parthian-era city with Assyria having its own Mesopotamian Aramaic Syriac script, which was the same in terms of grammar and syntax ...
Tigris river flows through Mosul, near the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh, which is a major settlement and hosts farmland in Upper Mesopotamia. The name al-Jazira has been used since the 7th century AD by Islamic sources to refer to the northern section of Mesopotamia, [citation needed] while the Lower Mesopotamia, also known as Sawād, is the southern part of Mesopotamia.
An Assyrian identity distinct from other neighboring groups appears to have formed during the Old Assyrian period, in the 21st or 20th century BC. [62] A map of the Neo-Assyrian Empire under Shalmaneser III (dark green) and Esarhaddon (light green)
With the advent of the Neo Assyrian Empire, the region was invaded on several occasions, since the middle of the 9th century, [17] and finally fell under the control of Assyrian kings during the second half of the 8th century BCE. [18] Large numbers of people living in the region were deported into Assyria, Babylonia and elsewhere. [19]