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In logic, a set of symbols is commonly used to express logical representation. The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics.
For example, 1.5 × 10 6 means that the true value of something being measured is 1,500,000 to the nearest hundred thousand (so the actual value is somewhere between 1,450,000 and 1,550,000); this is in contrast to the notation 1.500 × 10 6, which means that the true value is 1,500,000 to the nearest thousand (implying that the true value is ...
Typographical symbols and punctuation marks are marks and symbols used in typography with a variety of purposes such as to help with legibility and accessibility, or to identify special cases. This list gives those most commonly encountered with Latin script .
U+005F _ LOW LINE – see Underscore. U+0060 ` GRAVE ACCENT – opening single quote ‘. U+0062 b LATIN SMALL LETTER B - flat symbol ♭ U+006F o LATIN SMALL LETTER O: bullets and various circle-like symbols such as ∘ and ∞ (using two consecutive characters). U+0075 u LATIN SMALL LETTER U: μ — SI prefix micro-or lowercase Greek letter mu
In mathematics, the triple bar is sometimes used as a symbol of identity or an equivalence relation (although not the only one; other common choices include ~ and ≈). [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Particularly, in geometry , it may be used either to show that two figures are congruent or that they are identical. [ 9 ]
Greek letters (e.g. θ, β) are commonly used to denote unknown parameters (population parameters). [3]A tilde (~) denotes "has the probability distribution of". Placing a hat, or caret (also known as a circumflex), over a true parameter denotes an estimator of it, e.g., ^ is an estimator for .
In 1637 Descartes was the first to unite the German radical sign √ with the vinculum to create the radical symbol in common use today. [8] The symbol used to indicate a vinculum need not be a line segment (overline or underline); sometimes braces can be used (pointing either up or down). [9]
In US grading systems, the plus sign indicates a grade one level higher and the minus sign a grade lower. For example, B− ("B minus") is one grade lower than B. In some occasions, this is extended to two plus or minus signs (e.g., A++ being two grades higher than A). [citation needed]