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Liliʻuokalani in 1891, prior to accession to the throne. Liliʻuokalani was the first queen regnant and the last sovereign monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. The queen ascended to the throne on January 29, 1891, nine days after the death of her brother Kalākaua, and inherited his cabinet ministers.
Career diplomat, office holder, and military officer for the Kingdom, Provisional Government, and Territory of Hawaii [34] William G. Irwin: 1891 Jan 29, Aug 31 1892 Apr 21, Jul 8, Aug 31, Nov 15 1887 Privy Council under Kalākaua Business and investment banking partner of Claus Spreckels and former California governor F. F. Low.
[122] [123] [124] Liliuokalani's extreme position lost her the goodwill of the Cleveland administration. [125] Cleveland sent the issue to the Congress, stating, "The Provisional Government has not assumed a republican, or other constitutional form, but has remained a mere executive council, or oligarchy, without the consent of the people". [126]
Though many Americans think of a vacation in a tropical paradise when imagining Hawaii, how the 50th state came to be a part of the U.S. is actually a much darker story, generations in the making.
The overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom was a coup d'état against Queen Liliʻuokalani that took place on January 17, 1893, on the island of Oahu, and was led by the Committee of Safety, composed of seven foreign residents (five Americans, one Scotsman, and one German [6]) and six Hawaiian Kingdom subjects of American descent in Honolulu.
In it, Liliʻuokalani gives her account of her upbringing, her accession to the throne, the overthrow of her government by pro-American forces, her appeals to the United States to restore the Hawaiian monarchy, and her arrest and trial following an unsuccessful 1895 rebellion against the Republic of Hawaiʻi.
The conclusion of these meetings received the same (yes) response from the entire cabinet. Having been assured that they were all aligned in a like-minded plan, and trusting in their loyalty to the constitutional government they swore to uphold under oath when appointed to each of their positions; the draft for a new constitution had begun.
The Provisional Government of Hawaii (abbr.: P.G.; Hawaiian: Aupuni Kūikawā o Hawaiʻi) was proclaimed after the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom on January 17, 1893, by the 13-member Committee of Safety under the leadership of its chairman Henry E. Cooper and former judge Sanford B. Dole as the designated President of Hawaii.