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The English Anglican scholar John Henry Newman argued, in a book that he wrote before converting to Catholicism, that the essence of the doctrine on purgatory is locatable in ancient tradition, and that the core consistency of such beliefs are evidence that Christianity was "originally given to us from heaven". [14]
At the Second Council of Lyon in 1274, when the Catholic Church defined, for the first time, its teaching on purgatory, the Eastern Orthodox Church did not adopt the doctrine. The council made no mention of purgatory as a third place or as containing fire, [ 14 ] which are absent also in the declarations by the Councils of Florence (1431–1449 ...
The poem was written in the early 14th century. It is an allegory telling of the climb of Dante up the Mount of Purgatory, guided by the Roman poet Virgil – except for the last four cantos, at which point Beatrice takes over as Dante's guide. Allegorically, Purgatorio represents the penitent Christian life. [1]
Before the Second Vatican Council, stating that an indulgence of 40 days, 300 days or 7 years has been gained did not mean that a soul in Purgatory avoided a temporal punishment of 40 days, 300 days or 7 years; it meant, instead, that a soul in Purgatory avoided a temporal punishment of the same duration as that which it would have served with ...
The term was introduced in Newman's 1845 book An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine. He argued that various Catholic doctrines not accepted by Protestants (such as devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary , or Purgatory ) had a developmental history analogous to doctrines that were accepted by Protestants (such as the Trinity or the ...
An early printed appearance of the acrostic can be found in Loraine Boettner's 1932 book, The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination. [5] Total depravity (also called radical corruption) [6] asserts that as a consequence of the fall of man into sin, every person is enslaved to sin. People are not by nature inclined to love God, but rather to serve ...
Morey suggests that John Wycliffe (1320–1384) and Tyndale taught the doctrine of soul sleep "as the answer to the Catholic teachings of purgatory and masses for the dead." [ 100 ] Some Anabaptists in this period, such as Michael Sattler (1490–1527), [ 101 ] [ 102 ] were Christian mortalists.
The sinlessness of Mary refers to the doctrine in which Mary, mother of Jesus chose not to sin. [1][2] It is upheld by the Catholic Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, Eastern Orthodox Churches, as well as by high church Lutherans. [3][2]