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  2. Protected mode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_mode

    In computing, protected mode, also called protected virtual address mode, [1] is an operational mode of x86-compatible central processing units (CPUs). It allows system software to use features such as segmentation, virtual memory, paging and safe multi-tasking designed to increase an operating system's control over application software.

  3. Safe mode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_mode

    For application of the term in spaceflight, see Safe mode in spacecraft. Safe mode is a diagnostic mode of a computer operating system (OS). It can also refer to a mode of operation by application software. Safe mode is intended to help fix most, if not all, problems within an operating system. It is also widely used for removing rogue security ...

  4. Protection ring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protection_ring

    A protection ring is one of two or more hierarchical levels or layers of privilege within the architecture of a computer system. This is generally hardware-enforced by some CPU architectures that provide different CPU modes at the hardware or microcode level. Rings are arranged in a hierarchy from most privileged (most trusted, usually numbered ...

  5. Hackintosh - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackintosh

    A Hackintosh running OS X Yosemite. A Hackintosh (/ ˈhækɪntɒʃ /, a portmanteau of "Hack" and "Macintosh") is a computer that runs Apple 's Macintosh operating system macOS on computer hardware that is not authorized for the purpose by Apple. [1] This can also include running Macintosh software on hardware it is not originally authorized for.

  6. Rosetta (software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta_(software)

    Binary translation, emulation. Rosetta is a dynamic binary translator developed by Apple Inc. for macOS, an application compatibility layer between different instruction set architectures. It enables a transition to newer hardware, by automatically translating software. The name is a reference to the Rosetta Stone, the artifact which enabled ...

  7. Supervisor Mode Access Prevention - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervisor_mode_access...

    Supervisor Mode Access Prevention (SMAP) is a feature of some CPU implementations such as the Intel Broadwell microarchitecture that allows supervisor mode programs to optionally set user-space memory mappings so that access to those mappings from supervisor mode will cause a trap. This makes it harder for malicious programs to "trick" the ...

  8. macOS Sequoia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS_Sequoia

    Similar to Sonoma, the 2019 iMac is the only supported Intel Mac that lacks a T2 security chip. macOS Sequoia is the first version of macOS to drop support for a Mac with a T2 security chip. The following devices are compatible with macOS Sequoia: [3] iMac (2019 and later) iMac Pro (2017) MacBook Air (2020 and later) MacBook Pro (2018 and later)

  9. Direct memory access - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_memory_access

    In the cycle stealing mode, the DMA controller obtains access to the system bus the same way as in burst mode, using BR (Bus Request) and BG signals, which are the two signals controlling the interface between the CPU and the DMA controller. However, in cycle stealing mode, after one unit of data transfer, the control of the system bus is ...