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X-inefficiency is a concept used in economics to describe instances where firms go through internal inefficiency resulting in higher production costs than required for a given output. This inefficiency is a result of various factors such as outdated technology, inefficient production processes, poor management and lack of competition resulting ...
Harvey Leibenstein (1922 – February 28, 1994) was a Ukrainian -born American economist. One of his most important contributions to economics was the concept of X-inefficiency and the critical minimum effort thesis in development economics. Concerning his critical minimum effort thesis, he claimed that the underdeveloped countries are trapped ...
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Pareto efficiency is mathematically represented when there is no other strategy profile s' such that ui (s') ≥ ui (s) for every player i and uj (s') > uj (s) for some player j. In this equation s represents the strategy profile, u represents the utility or benefit, and j represents the player. [6]
Principles of Economics[1] is a leading political economy or economics textbook of Alfred Marshall (1842–1924), first published in 1890. [2][3] It was the standard text for generations of economics students. Called his magnum opus, [4] it ran to eight editions by 1920. [5] A ninth (variorum) edition was published in 1961, edited in 2 volumes ...
Arthur Oswin Austin (1879–1964) was an American electrical engineer and inventor. He is best known as the inventor of the Austin transformer, used to supply power for lighting circuits on radio towers. Austin's work included improvements to radio transmission equipment and the effects of lightning on high-voltage transmission lines and aircraft.
Download as PDF; Printable version; ... X. X-inefficiency ... Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; ...
In microeconomic theory, productive efficiency (or production efficiency) is a situation in which the economy or an economic system (e.g., bank, hospital, industry, country) operating within the constraints of current industrial technology cannot increase production of one good without sacrificing production of another good. [ 1 ]