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  2. Molar concentration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_concentration

    Molar concentration (also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular, of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution. In chemistry, the most commonly used unit for molarity is the number of moles per liter ...

  3. Acid mine drainage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_mine_drainage

    This break down is the main driver of acid mine drainage. Sub-surface mining often progresses below the water table, so water must be constantly pumped out of the mine in order to prevent flooding. When a mine is abandoned, the pumping ceases, and water floods the mine. This introduction of water is the initial step in most acid rock drainage ...

  4. Simultaneously extracted metals and acid-volatile sulfide

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simultaneously_extracted...

    Simultaneously extracted metals/Acid-volatile sulfide (SEM-AVS) is an approach used in the field of aquatic toxicology to assess the potential for metal ions found in sediment to cause toxic effects in organisms dwelling in the sediment. In this approach, the amounts of several heavy metals in a sediment sample are measured in a laboratory; at ...

  5. Copper extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_extraction

    Copper extraction refers to the methods used to obtain copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. [1]

  6. Elemental analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemental_analysis

    Elemental analysis is a process where a sample of some material (e.g., soil, waste or drinking water, bodily fluids, minerals, chemical compounds) is analyzed for its elemental and sometimes isotopic composition. [citation needed] Elemental analysis can be qualitative (determining what elements are present), and it can be quantitative ...

  7. Stoichiometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometry

    Stoichiometry (/ ˌstɔɪkiˈɒmɪtri /) is the relationships among the weights of reactants and products before, during, and following chemical reactions. Stoichiometry is founded on the law of conservation of mass where the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products, leading to the insight that the relations among ...

  8. Ammonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia

    Liquid ammonia will dissolve all of the alkali metals and other electropositive metals such as Ca, [35] Sr, Ba, Eu and Yb (also Mg using an electrolytic process [33]). At low concentrations (<0.06 mol/L), deep blue solutions are formed: these contain metal cations and solvated electrons, free electrons that are surrounded by a cage of ammonia ...

  9. Segregation (materials science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregation_(Materials...

    In materials science, segregation is the enrichment of atoms, ions, or molecules at a microscopic region in a materials system. While the terms segregation and adsorption are essentially synonymous, in practice, segregation is often used to describe the partitioning of molecular constituents to defects from solid solutions, [1] whereas adsorption is generally used to describe such partitioning ...