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Idealism in philosophy, also known as philosophical idealism or metaphysical idealism, is the set of metaphysical perspectives asserting that, most fundamentally, reality is equivalent to mind, spirit, or consciousness; that reality is entirely a mental construct; or that ideas are the highest type of reality or have the greatest claim to being considered "real".
Contextualism, also known as epistemic contextualism, is a family of views in philosophy which emphasize the context in which an action, utterance, or expression occurs.. Proponents of contextualism argue that, in some important respect, the action, utterance, or expression can only be understood relative to that contex
Epistemological idealism suggests that everything we experience and know is of a mental nature—sense data in philosophical jargon. Although it is sometimes employed to argue in favor of metaphysical idealism, in principle epistemological idealism makes no claim about whether sense data are grounded in reality.
In political philosophy, an ideal theory is a theory which specifies the optimal societal structure based on idealised assumptions and normative theory. It stems from the assumption that citizens are fully compliant to a state which enjoys favorable social conditions, which makes it unrealistic in character. [ 1 ]
American president Woodrow Wilson is widely considered one of the codifying figures of idealism in the foreign policy context.. Since the 1880s, there has been growing study of the major writers of this idealist tradition of thought in international relations, including Sir Alfred Zimmern, [2] Norman Angell, John Maynard Keynes, [3] John A. Hobson, Leonard Woolf, Gilbert Murray, Florence ...
Ethical idealism, [1] which is also referred to by terms such as moral idealism, [2] [3] principled idealism, [4] and other expressions, is a philosophical framework based on holding onto specifically defined ideals in the context of facing various consequences to holding such principles and/or values.
Explanations of the idealization of others besides the self are sought in drive theory as well as in object relations theory. From the viewpoint of libidinal drives, idealization of other people is a "flowing-over" of narcissistic libido onto the object; from the viewpoint of self-object relations, the object representations (like that of the ...
Freud. Ego ideal—Ego—Object—Outer Object. In Freudian psychoanalysis, the ego ideal (German: Ichideal) [1] is the inner image of oneself as one wants to become. [2] It consists of "the individual's conscious and unconscious images of what he would like to be, patterned after certain people whom ... he regards as ideal."