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Topographical disorientation is the inability to orient oneself in one's surroundings, sometimes as a result of focal brain damage. [1] This disability may result from the inability to make use of selective spatial information (e.g., environmental landmarks) or to orient by means of specific cognitive strategies such as the ability to form a mental representation of the environment, also known ...
Spatial orientation (the inverse being spatial disorientation, aka spatial-D) is the ability to maintain body orientation and posture in relation to the surrounding environment (physical space) at rest and during motion. Humans have evolved to maintain spatial orientation on the ground.
Sense of direction is the ability to know one's location and perform wayfinding. [1] [2] It is related to cognitive maps, spatial awareness, and spatial cognition. [3]Sense of direction can be impaired by brain damage, such as in the case of topographical disorientation.
Studies have narrowed the area of the brain that, when damaged, causes visuospatial dysgnosia to the border of the occipito-temporoparietal region. [1] Predominantly, lesions (damage, often from stroke) are found in the angular gyrus of the right hemisphere (in people with left-hemisphere language), and are usually unilateral, meaning in one hemisphere of the brain.
In the third image below, a cat and a mouse are sitting on top of a dog, which is lying on its side; all three animals have a clearly discernible top and bottom, and a clearly discernible front, back, and sides. Although the cat and mouse are "on top of the dog", they are not sitting on the part that would be considered the top of the dog.
Dizziness is an imprecise term that can refer to a sense of disorientation in space, vertigo, or lightheadedness. [1] It can also refer to disequilibrium [2] or a non-specific feeling, such as giddiness or foolishness. [3] Dizziness is a common medical complaint, affecting 20–30% of persons. [4]
Spatial anxiety (sometimes also referred to as spatial orientation discomfort [1]) is a sense of anxiety an individual experiences while processing environmental information contained in one's geographical space (in the sense of Montello's classification of space), [2] with the purpose of navigation and orientation through that space (usually unfamiliar, or very little known). [3]
The vestibular system, in vertebrates, is a sensory system that creates the sense of balance and spatial orientation for the purpose of coordinating movement with balance. Together with the cochlea , a part of the auditory system , it constitutes the labyrinth of the inner ear in most mammals .